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TWO PROMISED REVIVED (5)

11 November 2023

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Vasishtha understood, but still asked, "What is the cause. of this change?" Kaikeyi, whose good manners had reached their limit, now said, "If my husband will speak, he can-otherwise please wait. Just tell those assembled that there is a change in the programme." "That we will see later," said Vasishtha. "First we must revive the King." He stooped over the King lying on the couch, gently lifted his head, and helped him to sit up. "We need you, Your Majesty. You are our lord and captain. What is to happen if you are withdrawn like this?" The King went on mumbling, "Kaikeyi, Kaikeyi..." Vasishtha said, "The Queen, Kaikeyi, is most considerate. She will do nothing that goes against your wishes. I am sure she will be obliging and helpful. There has been no opportunity to discuss these questions with her Majesty, our immediate concern being your welfare." Kaikeyi listened passively to this hopeful statement by Vasishtha. Dasaratha, clutching at a straw of hope, asked, "Does she relent? If she does, Rama will be King; and as to my promise, let her ask for any other fulfillment she may think of..." Relieved to find the King improving, Vasishtha turned to Kaikeyi and appealed to her with all the humility he could muster in his tone. "Everything is in your hands.... Please consider yourself as the benefactress of humanity. The whole world will be grateful to you for your help. Please reconsider." Kaikeyi became emotional: "If one cannot depend on the promise of a famous king," she hissed, "life is not worth living. After all, I have done nothing more than ask for the fulfillment of his own voluntary promise, and you talk as if I had committed a crime!"
"You do not realize the evil consequences of your act, nor are you willing to listen and understand when we try to explain. Your obstinacy is inhuman," said Vasishtha. When she appeared unaffected, he went on: "The King's tongue never uttered the words of exile; you have passed this on as his own command, knowing that Rama would never question the truth of it. You have used your position as his favourite queen." No matter how he argued and persuaded, Kaikeyi held her ground with cynical calm. "Oh, Guruji, you too talk like these ignorant, self-centered people who find fault with me without understanding." Finally the King burst out, "Oh, devilish one, you ordered him into exile! Is he gone? In seeking you as a mate, I sought my death. Those cherry-red lips I thought sustained me, but they have only been a source of the deadliest poison to finish me off now. This sage be my witness. You are no longer my wife, and your son shall not be entitled to cremate me when I die." Kausalya, when she saw her husband's plight, was most moved and tried to comfort him in her own way. Concealing her own misery at the prospect of Rama's exile, she told her husband clearly, "If you do not maintain the integrity and truth of your own words, and now try to hold Rama back, the world will not accept it. Try to lessen your attachment to Rama and calm yourself." The King was not appeased by her advice. "The holy water from Ganga brought for ablution during the coronation will now serve me for my last drink; the holy fire raised will serve to light my funeral pyre. Rama, Rama, don't go. I take back my word to Kaikeyi.... How can I bear to see you go? I will not survive your departure. If I lived after your departure, what would be the difference between me and that monster in wife's shape-Kaikeyi?" Thus and in many other ways, Dasaratha lamented. Vasishtha said, "Do not grieve.... I will see that your son is persuaded to stay back." Dasaratha had become so weakened in will that he clung to this hope when he saw the sage depart. Kausalya comforted the King by saying, "It is quite likely Vasishtha will come back with Rama." She tenderly lifted him, nursed him, and stroked his head and shoulder. He kept repeating, "Will Rama come? When? How terrible that Kaikeyi, whom I loved so much, should contrive my death so that she may place Bharatha on the throne!" Silence for a while, but once again all his lamentations and fears would return redoubled. "Kausalya, my dearest wife, listen. Rama will not change
"Kausalya, my dearest wife, listen. Rama will not change his aim, but definitely go away, and my life will end. You know why? It's an old story. "Once while I was hunting in a forest, I heard the gurgling of water-the noise an elephant makes when drinking water. I shot an arrow in that direction, and at once heard a human cry in agony. I went up and found that I had shot at a young boy. He had been filling his pitcher; and water rushing into it had created the noise. The boy was dying and told me that his old parents, eyeless, were not far away. He had tended them, carrying them about on his back. They died on hearing of this tragedy, after cursing the man who had killed their son to suffer a similar fate. And so that is going to be my fate...." When Rama's exile became known, the kings and commoners assembled at the hall broke down and wept; so did the religious heads and ascetics. Men and women wept aloud; the parrots in their cages wept, the cats in people's homes; the infants in their cradles, the cows and calves. Flowers that had just bloomed wilted away. The water birds, the elephants, the chargers that drew chariots-all broke down and lamented like Dasaratha himself, unable to bear the pang of separation from Rama. What a moment ago had 113/272 been a world of festivities had become one of mourning. Crowds thronged hither and thither, stood in knots at street corners, watched the portals of the palace, speculating and commenting. "Kaikeyi-the red-lipped prostitute," they said. "We never suspected that our King was so lost in infatuation.... We thought that the red-lipped woman was our Queen, but she has shown her true nature-using her flesh to bait a senile male, who has sought his own ruin and thereby the ruin of our country. Let Kaikeyi try and rule this country with her son-there will be none left to rule over; we will all kill ourselves or move out with Rama. Ah, unfortunate earth not destined to have Rama as your overlord! What is Lakshmana doing? How will he stand this separation? What justification can there be for breaking a promise made to Rama? Strange act of justice this! The world has suddenly gone mad!" Lakshmana, on hearing of the developments, was roused like the fire starting to consume the earth on the last day. "Food kept for the lion is sought to be fed to the street puppy -so plans that doe-eyed Kaikeyi," commented Lakshmana. He picked up his sword and bow, put on his battle dress, and aggressively roamed the streets swearing, "Rama shall be crowned, and whoever comes in the way will be annihilated. Let the whole world come, I'll destroy everyone who opposes, and pile up their carcasses sky high. I'll seize the crown and will not rest till I place it on Rama's head. This I'll achieve this very day, this very day." Seeing his fiery eyes and hearing his stentorian challenges, people withdrew from his proximity. "If all the gods in heaven, all the demons, all the good people of the earth, and bad-if the whole world. oppose me, I'll not relent or yield to the desire of a mere female...." His challenges and the rattling of his arms and the twanging of his bow-string reached the ears of Rama, who was just on his way to take leave of his stepmother Sumithra, Lakshmana's mother, and he immediately turned back and confronted Lakshmana. "What makes you wear all this battle-dress, and against whom are you uttering your challenges? And why are you so wild and angry?" Lakshmana said, "If this is not the occasion for anger, when else is it? After having promised you your rightful place -to deny it now! I can't tolerate it. The vicious dreams of that black-hearted woman shall not be fulfilled. I'll not let my senses watch this injustice passively. I'll resist it till I perish." "It was my mistake," said Rama. "I have only myself to blame for accepting my father's offer of the throne so readily without thinking of the consequences. Your tongue, leamed in the recital of Vedas and all the truths of godly life, should not be allowed to utter whatever it likes so irresponsibly. Your charges will not stand the scrutiny of ar serene temperaments. You must not utt 115/272 it remarks about people who after all are none ouer man you father and mother." (Rama makes no distinction between mother and stepmother). "Calm yourself. Sometimes a river runs dry, and then it cannot be said to be the fault of the river -it's dry because the heavens are dry. So also, our father's change of mind, or the apparent hardheartedness of Kaikeyi, who has been so loving and kind, or Bharatha's chance of succession.... These are really not our own doing, but some higher powers have decreed them. Fate..." "Tll be the fate to overpower fate itself," said Lakshmana, with martial arrogance. Rama argued with him further. "Til change and alter fate itself, if necessary," repeated Lakshmana and concluded his sentence with the refrain, "Whoever dares to oppose my aim will be destroyed. "I know no father and no mother, other than you," said Lakshmana, still unsoftened. "You are everything to me. And there is no meaning in my existence, and in the possession of my limbs and sense intact, unless I establish you on the throne as your right, irrespective of what a female serpent has tried to do. My blood boils and will not calm down-you will now see what my bow can do...." At this Rama held his hand back. He said, "I am firmly convinced that our mother Kaikeyi is the one who deserves to inherit this kingdom, having saved our father's life and being assured of his gratitude; it is Bharatha's privilege- being
the one chosen by Kaikeyi; and my privilege is renunciation and the association of enlightened hermits of the forests. Do you want to let your anger rage until you have vanquished an innocent brother who has no part in this, a mother who has nursed us, and a father who was the greatest ruler on earth? Is that victory worth all this? Is this anger, which seeks to destroy all firm relationships, worth nurturing? Control yourself, and take your hand off your bow." Lakshmana relaxed, muttering, "What's all this strength of my arm worth! Mere burden, if it cannot be employed to destroy evil when I see it; and my anger itself has now proved futile." Rama went up with Lakshmana to bid farewell to his stepmother Sumithra. As had happened with the others, Sumithra also bewailed Rama's exile and tried to stop him. Once again, untiringly, Rama expressed his determination to go and his joy at being able to fulfill his father's terms. While they were talking, a servant maid sent by Kaikeyi came bearing in her arms garments made of tree barks, a reminder for Rama to change quickly and depart. Lakshmana ordered another set for himself, shed the finery he was wearing, and changed into coarse bark. Presently Rama, dressed like an ascetic or penitent, was ready to leave. At the sight of his departure, the women wept. Rama made one last attempt to leave Lakshmana behind but Lakshmana followed him stubbornly. He then went into Sita's chamber and found her already dressed in the rough tree fibre-her finery and jewels discarded and laid aside, although she had decorated and dressed herself as befitting a queen a little while ago. Rama, though he had been of so firm a mind for himself, felt disturbed at the sight of her-the change being so sudden. He said, "It was never my father's intention to send you along with me. This is not the life for you. I have only come to take your leave, not to take you with me...." "Im dressed and ready, as you see...." "If it is your wish to discard fine clothes because I wear none, you may do so, though it's not necessary." "I'm coming with you, my place is at your side wherever you may be...." Rama saw the determination in her eyes and made one last plea. "You have your duties to perform here, my father and mother being here. I'll be with you again." "After fourteen years! What would be the meaning of my existence? I could as well be dead. It will be living death for me without you. I am alive only when I am with you; a forest or a marble palace is all the same to me." When he realized that she could not be deflected from her purpose, Rama said, "If it is your wish, so let it be. May the gods protect you." A large crowd had gathered outside the palace when Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita emerged in their austere garb, as decreed by Kaikeyi. Many wept at the sight of them, and cursed Kaikeyi again and again among themselves. A silence ensued as Vasishtha arrived with every sign of urgency. The crowd watched expectantly, a spurt of hope welling up in their hearts of a last-minute development which could transform the scene magically. For the first time. people saw the sage Vasishtha looking forlorn and tired. Stepping up before Rama, he said, "Do not go. The King desires you to stay and come back to the palace." "It is his desire I should be away...." "Not his. He never said it, it is your stepmother's order. She has ..." Rama did not want him to continue his comment on Kaikeyi and interrupted. "Forgive me. It is my duty to obey her also, since she derives her authority from my father, and he has given her his word. How can it be different now?" "Your father is deeply grieving that you are leaving him. He may not survive the separation, in his present state...." Rama said, "You are our teacher in all matters. Please comfort my father, see that he realizes the nature of our present situation-of my duty as his son in keeping his word. A word given is like an arrow, it goes forward. You cannot recall it midway...." He made a deep bow to indicate that he had nothing more to say. Vasishtha turned back without a word, and withdrew, unwilling to be seen with tears in his eyes. When Rama took a step, the whole crowd stepped forward, and it stopped when he stopped. No one spoke.. Considering the vastness of the crowd, the silence was overwhelming. There were tears in several eyes. Rama told someone nearest to him, "Now, I'll take leave of you all," and brought his palms together in a salutation. They returned the salutation, but moved when he moved, showing not the least sign of staying back. They surrounded Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana. The crowd was suffocating. After they had proceeded along for some distance, the crowd made way for a chariot which pulled up. Sumanthra got out of it and said, "Get into the chariot. Sita Devi may not be able to walk through this crowd...."

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Articles
The Ramayana
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The Ramayana is, quite simply, the greatest of Indian epics - and one of the world's supreme masterpieces of storytelling 'Almost every individual living in India,' writes R. K. Narayan in the Introduction to this new interpretation, 'is aware of the story of The Ramayana. Everyone of whatever age, outlook, education or station in life knows the essential part of the epic and adores the main figures in it - Rama and Sita. Every child is told the story at bedtime . . . The Ramayana pervades our cultural life.' Although the Sanskrit original was composed by Valmiki, probably around the fourth century BC, poets have produced countless variant versions in different languages. Here, drawing his inspiration from the work of an eleventh-century Tamil poet called Kamban, Narayan has used the talents of a master novelist to recreate the excitement and joy he has found in the original. It can be enjoyed and appreciated, he suggests, for its psychological insight, its spiritual depth and its practical wisdom - or just as a thrilling tale of abduction,battle and courtship played out in a universe thronged with heroes, deities and demons.
1

RAMA'S INITIATION

9 November 2023
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The new assembly hall, Dasaratha’s latest pride, was crowded all day with visiting dignitaries, royal emissaries, and citizens coming in with representations or appeals for justice. The King

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THATAKA'S STORY

9 November 2023
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The woman I speak of was the daughter of Suketha, a yaksha, a demigod of great valour, might, and purity. She was beautiful and full of wild energy. When she grew up she was married to a

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MAHABALI'S STORY

9 November 2023
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This is consecrated ground where Vishnu once sat in meditation. (Although Rama was Vishnu, his human incarnation made him unaware of his identity at the moment.) While Vishnu was thus eng

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GANGA'S STORY

9 November 2023
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Every inch of ground on earth, as you may have realized by now, has a divine association. Mother Earth has been there since the beginning of creation, being one of the five primeval elements. She

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AHALYA'S STORY

9 November 2023
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Brahma once created, out of the ingredients of absolute beauty, a woman, and she was called Ahalya (which in the Sanskrit language means non-imperfection). God Indra, being the highest go

6

THE WEDDING !! (1)

10 November 2023
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Mithila, after all the forests, mountain paths, valleys, and places of solitude and silence through which we havetravelled thus far, offers a pleasant change to a city of colour and pleasure, with pe

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THE WEDDING !! (2)

10 November 2023
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They were bewildered and amused at first, but later became genuinely concerned, when they noticed tears streaming down her cheeks. They found her prattling involuntarily, “Shoulders of emerald, eyes l

8

THE WEDDING (3)

10 November 2023
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Although he had exhibited no sign of it, deeply within he felt a disturbance. His innate sense of discipline and propriety had made him conceal his feelings before other people. Now he kept thinking o

9

THE WEDDING (4)

10 November 2023
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"How do you know it was not a divine inspiration that gave you the thought?" "In all the worlds, is there anyone who can tackle this bow, the very sight of which in Shiva's hand made erring gods and g

10

THE WEDDING (5)

10 November 2023
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He then passed orders: "Let the announcement in appropriate language be made widely that King Janaka has invited for Rama's wedding every man, woman, and child in our capital. Let those able to travel

11

THE WEDDING (6)

10 November 2023
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"Those who were together only a little while ago came together again, and there was no need for any elaborate ritual of speech between them," says Kamban, describing the couple's first meeting at the

12

TWO PROMISED REVIVED !! (1)

10 November 2023
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In his busy life Dasaratha perhaps had never studied his mirror properly. He had had no occasion to scrutinize himself too long in the mirror or engage himself in any introspection. Suddenly one day h

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TWO PROMISED REVIVED (2)

11 November 2023
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Grown old, my physical body is ready for dissolution...." He had said these things before and was now repeating himself. Rama understood that there must be some deep agitation within him. But out of r

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TWO PROMISED REVIVED (3)

11 November 2023
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 "Never! how would she dare!" cried Kaikeyi involuntarily. "Let her try!" "By this time tomorrow, it could happen, it's bound to happen sooner or later." Thus Kooni had brought Kaikeyi to the brink of

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TWO PROMISED REVIVED (4)

11 November 2023
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"You have promised me the granting of two boons, and you have swom to it in the name of Rama-your darling son Rama. And now I'll speak out my mind. If you reject my demand, you will be the first of th

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TWO PROMISED REVIVED (5)

11 November 2023
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Vasishtha understood, but still asked, "What is the cause. of this change?" Kaikeyi, whose good manners had reached their limit, now said, "If my husband will speak, he can-otherwise please wait. Just

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TWO PROMISED REVIVED (6)

11 November 2023
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Rama smiled to himself. "She has undertaken to keep me company and may have to go a long way on foot yet." "Still, when a chariot is available, please come. At least you can leave the crowd behind and

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ENCOUNTERS IN EXCILE (1)

12 November 2023
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They reached Panchvati, set in sylvan surroundings in the proximity of the river. Lakshmana, adept as he had proved to be, had already gone ahead and created a home for them with clay, thatch, leaves,

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ENCOUNTERS IN EXCILE (2)

12 November 2023
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"Oh, beauty, will you explain why, when you happen to be the sister of that overlord of three worlds, Ravana, you have not come surrounded with attendants and bearers, but all alone, unescorted?" She

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ENCOUNTERS IN EXCILE (3)

12 November 2023
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" Soorpanaka made one last attempt to gain Rama's love. She said, "Even now it's not too late. My brother Ravana will pardon you for what you have done if he knows we are married; he will also make yo

21

THE GRAND TORMENTOR (1)

13 November 2023
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Ravana, the supreme lord of this and other worlds, sat in his durbar hall, surrounded by a vast throng of courtiers and attendants. The kings of this earth whom he had reduced to vassaldom stood about

22

THE GRAND TORMENTOR (2)

13 November 2023
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The late winter with its light mist and cool wind proved uncomfortable to Ravana, who shouted at it the question, "What wretched season are you?"-whereupon the weather changed to early summer, a rathe

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THE GRAND TORMENTOR (3)

13 November 2023
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Mareecha, who was now putting forth his best effort to live a new life and practise all the moral and spiritual values, cried, "It's immoral. Coveting another's wife...." "She had no business to becom

24

THE GRAND TORMENTOR (4)

13 November 2023
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Mareecha went to Dandaka forest. In the vicinity of Panchvati, he assumed the form of a golden deer and strutted before Rama's cottage. Attracted by its brilliance, other deer came up and surrounded t

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THE GRAND TORMENTOR (5)

14 November 2023
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Sita had no ear for any explanation and went on repeating, "Go, go and save him! How can you stay here talking! I'm surprised at your calmness." As Lakshmana kept on asking her to remain calm, she bec

26

VALI

14 November 2023
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The perfect man takes a false step, apparently commits a moral slip, and we ordinary mortals stand puzzled before the incident. It may be less an actual error of commission on his part than a lack of

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SUGREEVA'S STORY

14 November 2023
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Blessed by the grace of Shiva, there is one who possesses unlimited strength and his name is Vali, the brother of Sugreeva here. In ancient times, when the gods and demons tried to churn the ocean to

28

DUNDUBI'S STORY (1)

14 November 2023
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These are the bones of a monster named Dundubi; he was a powerful demon in the shape of a buffalo. He had sought out Vishnu and said, "I wish to engage you in a war." Vishnu directed him to Shiva as t

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DUNDUBI'S STORY (2)

14 November 2023
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Tara, his wife, interceded at this moment, pleading, "Please do not go out now. There must be some extraordinary reason why your brother is b manner." 183/272 th Vali shouted, "Oh, my wife, get out of

30

WHEN THE RAINS CEASE !! (1)

15 November 2023
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Sugreeva was crowned with elaborate rituals and festivities. Robed royally, and wearing a scintillating crown, Sugreeva approached Rama, who had stayed outside Kiskinda throughout the celebrations, an

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WHEN THE RAINS CEASE !! (2)

15 November 2023
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All this was minutely noted by Rama, as indicating a definite change of season and a reminder that Sugreeva had failed to keep his promise to arrive with his army. He said to Lakshmana, "Does it not s

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WHEN THE RAINS CEASE !! (3)

15 November 2023
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Tara addressed him with all courtesy. "We are honoured and happy at your visit. But the manner of your coming has frightened us. Until we know what you have in mind, we will feel uneasy. Is there anyt

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WHEN THE RAINS CEASE 4

15 November 2023
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Sugreeva called up the commanders and allotted to each a task, in different directions. Hanuman and Angada were to proceed southward, and that was the most important of the assignments. Before Hanuman

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WHEN THE RAINS CEASE 5

15 November 2023
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Hanuman and Angada went southward, taking a picked army with them. They crossed mountains and rivers. Wherever they suspected Ravana might be hiding, they fell to in a frenzy and ransacked every nook

35

MEMENTO FROM RAMA.

16 November 2023
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Landing on the soil of Lanka, Hanuman shrank himself to an unnoticeable size and began his search for Sita. He peeped into every building in the city. He saw several streets with houses in which Ravan

36

RAVANA IN COUNCIL.

16 November 2023
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Ravana's capital, after its destruction by Hanuman, was rebuilt by the divine architect Maya. Surveying it now, Ravana forgot for a moment the setback he had suffered, and was lost in admiration of th

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RAVANA IN COUNCIL. (1)

16 November 2023
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Ravana's capital, after its destruction by Hanuman, was rebuilt by the divine architect Maya. Surveying it now, Ravana forgot for a moment the setback he had suffered, and was lost in admiration of th

38

RAVANA IN COUNCIL.(2)

16 November 2023
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Ravana glared at his brother and said with a bitter laugh, "You began with agreeable sentences and sentiments but you go on prattling away like a madman. Is it out of fear or out of love for those hum

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ACROSS THE OCEAN.

16 November 2023
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As Vibishana noticed Rama standing at the edge of the sea, brooding, perhaps, on plans to rescue Sita, he kept himself in the background, not wishing to break in on him at just that moment. Later, how

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THE SIEGE OF LANKA.

16 November 2023
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Ravana deployed the pick of his divisions to guard the approaches to the capital and appointed his trusted generals and kinsmen in special charge of key places. Gradually, however, his world began to

41

RAMA AND RAVANA IN BATTLE.(1)

16 November 2023
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Every moment, news came to Ravana of fresh disasters in his camp. One by one, most of his commanders were lost. No one who went forth with battle cries was heard of again. Cries and shouts and the wai

42

RAMA AND RAVANA IN BATTLE.(2)

16 November 2023
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Ravana suddenly realized that he should change his tactics and ordered his charioteer to fly the chariot up in the skies. From there he attacked and destroyed a great many of the monkey army supportin

43

INTERLUDE.

17 November 2023
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To Link Up the Narrative, an Extract from "Valmiki"12 After the death of Ravana, Rama sent Hanuman as his emissary to fetch Sita. Sita was overjoyed. She had been in a state of mourning all along, com

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THE CORONATION.

17 November 2023
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Rama explained that he had to adopt this trial in order to demonstrate Sita's purity beyond a shadow of doubt to the whole world. This seemed a rather strange inconsistency on the part of one who had

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EPILOGUE.

17 November 2023
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Rama entered Ayodhya, after fourteen years of exile, a time during which he rid this world of evil forces that had tormented it for centuries. It was a happy reunion at the capital. The coronation fes

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