AIM: To study the micrometrics properties of powder and granules for given samples.
REQUIREMENTS:
Apparatus:Funnel, Beaker, Measuring Cylinder, Stand, etc.
Chemicals: Excipients, Talcum Powder, CMC (Carboxylmethylcellulose), Magnesium Sterate.
Drug: Paracetamol, Aspirin and Granules
REFERENCES:
THEORY:
The term micrometrics was given to the science and technology of small particles by J. M. DallaValle. It is thus the study of the fundamental and derived properties of individual as well as a collection of particles. The knowledge and control of the size of particles is of importance in pharmacy and materials science.
Early identification of Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) of excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and their impact on a formulation is a key component of QbD. Micromeriticsinstruments and contract analytical services offer solutions for the early identification of CQA’s, continuous process monitoring, and verification, which are the foundation of QbD. Historically, particle size has been the dominant physical characteristic control parameter for release.
But now, properties such as surface morphology, porosity, particle shape, density, and surface energy are additionally utilized as predictive tools to reduce possible manufacturing failures by predicting scale-up effects on the final product.
Granular pharmaceutical solids, prepared by 5 different granulation methods, were evaluated on the basis of repose angle, hardness, and density, number of particles per gram, bulk density, shape volume factor, bulk volume, and geometrical form.
Particular attention was given to the development of an accurate technique for evaluating shape volume factor as a means of characterizing the over-all shape of a particle.
The findings indicated that repose angle was primarily a function of surface roughness and that geometrical form and shape on a volume basis were inversely proportional to bulk volume. The determination of these easily computed parameters is therefore of value in assessing manufacturing procedures which have as their primary objective the production of smooth, spherical particles suitable for pharmaceutical coating purposes.
APPLICATIONS:
The micrometrics studies performed for given Samples are:
Bulk Density, Tapped Density, Carr’s Index, Angle of repose, Porosity.
Bulk density: The bulk density of a material is the ratio of the mass to the volume (including the interparticulate void volume) of an untapped powder sample. Bulk density is calculated by the formula
Bulk density (BD) =
Tapped density: The tapped density is obtained by mechanically tapping a graduated cylinder containing the sample until little further volume change is observed. The tapped density is calculated by the formula
Tapped density (TD) =
Carr’s Index: The Carr index (also: Carr's index or Carr's Compressibility Index) is an indication of the compressibility of a powder. It is named after the scientist Ralph J. Carr, Jr. The Carr’s index is calculated by the formula
Carr’s Index=
Angle of repose: The angle of repose, or critical angle of repose, of a granular material is the steepest angle of descent or dip relative to the horizontal plane to which a material can be piled without slumping. At this angle, the material on the slope face is on the verge of sliding. The angle of repose can range from 0° to 90°. The morphology of the material affects the angle of repose; smooth, rounded sand grains cannot be piled as steeply as can rough, interlocking sands.
The angle of repose can also be affected by additions of solvents; if a small amount of water is able to bridge the gaps between particles, electrostatic attraction of the water to mineral surfaces will increase the angle of repose, and related quantities such as the soil strength. The angle of repose is calculated by the formula
Angle of repose:
Porosity: Porosity consists of volume of the pores relative to the envelope volume used to calculate envelope density. The porosity of pharmaceutical materials and medical devices can impact production, material movement, and pharmacokinetic behaviour. The porosity of sample is calculated by the formula
Porosity:
Procedure:
Result:
Remark:
Practical Performance
(2)
Conduct in Lab
(2)
Journal
(2)
Observations and Results
(2)
Viva-Voce
(2)
Total
(10)
Signature of Faculty In charge
Observation table
Sr.No.
Pressure applied
(tons)
Tablets
Disintegration time (min)
Mean
1
1
1
2
3
2
2
1
2
3
3
3
1
2
3
EXPERIMENT NO: 4
