urban trees of karnataka

                  

 

                            

 

  

  

       

 

URBAN TREE DIVERSITY 

 OF  

KARWAR 

BY  

SHIVANAND S. BHAT 

AMISHA SALASKAR, AKSHATA NAIK, SARVESH
   PEDNEKAR, KRUTIK SHETTY, RAHUL MIRASHI              

 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  
 

  

AUTHORS 

Amisha Ashok Salaskar 

I’m from Sadashivgad, Karwar. I’m B.Sc final year student
with CBBt as my combination. I’m interested to study the diversity and taxonomy
of plants and further I’m willing to continue my career in the field of life
science. I started the project “URBAN TREE
DIVERSITY OF KARWAR” under
the help and guidance of Prof.Shivanand Bhat. 

Akshata Chandrakant Naik 

I’m from Mallapur, Karwar. I’m B.Sc final year student
with CBBt as my combination. I’m interested in plant physiology and pathology.
I would like to continue my career in the field of life science. I started the project “URBAN TREE
DIVERSITY OF KARWAR” under the help and guidance of Prof.Shivanand Bhat. 

Sarveesh  Anil Pednekar 

I’m from Karwar. I’m B.Sc final year student with CBBt as
my combination. My interest is to study the anatomical features of plant. I aim
of continuing my career in the field of life science. I started the project “URBAN
TREE DIVERSITY OF KARWAR” under the help and guidance of Prof.Shivanand
Bhat. 

  

Krutik Krishnanand Shetty 

I’m from Kinner, Karwar. I’m B.Sc final year student with
CBBt as my combination. My interest is to sudy the morphology of plants. I hope
of continuing my career in the field of life science. I started the project “URBAN
TREE DIVERSITY OF KARWAR” under the help and guidance of Prof.Shivanand
Bhat. 

  

Rahul Ravi Mirashi 

I’m from Joida. I’m B.Sc final year student with CBZ as
my combination. Im interested to study the physiology of plants. I willing to
continue my career in the field of life science.I started the project “URBAN
TREE DIVERSITY OF KARWAR” under the help and guidance of Prof.Shivanand
Bhat. 

  

In this book we have included all the trees
which are common to the region of Karwar
 

  

MANGO 

  Class  : Dicotyledons 

Order  : Sapindales 

Family   :Anacardiaceae 

Genus  :Mangifera 

Species : Mangifera
indica Linn 

Common names:
Mavina mara (Kannada), Aam (Hindi) 

Botanical
name: Mangifera indica Linn 

Family:
Anacardiaceae 

Parts
used : Fruit, bark , leaves. 

  Plant description:  

Habit: Evergreen Trees (Dicot tree) 

 Commonly found in countries like
Myanmar, India, Bangladesh 

Leaves:
Simple, exstipulate, alternate, unicostate, reticulate venation, lanceolate or
elliptical with alternate venation. 

Inflorescence:
Panicle (compound raceme), monoecious 

Flower:
Small generally yellowish or reddish in colour 

Calyx:
Sepals are five, free with imbricate aestivation  

Corolla:
Petals are five, free with imbricate aestivation 

  Androecium:
5 Stamens of which only one is fertile, fertile stamen is as long as petal 

Gynoecium:
monocarpellary with single ovule, unilocular, pendulous type of placentation
style is lateral and simple 

Fruit:
freshy drupe : outer layer is thin ,fleshy middle part and hard stony seed ovoid to ellipsoid  

Special
feature of the part used: Extensively
cultivated for its delicious fruits 

Flowering
season: December to March 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds 

  Harvesting of mangoes:
Harvesting is usually done from March to June  

Uses:
 

¨ Mangoes are edible and
are extremely delicious 

¨ Used in the preparation
of pickles. 

¨ Wood is used in the
preparation of furniture. 

¨ Wood is also used as
fuel. 

¨ Leaves are used for the
decoration purpose during festivals. 

¨ Used in the preparation
of mango juice. 

¨ Gum obtained from mango
is applied on the wounds which helps in fast healing. 

TEAK 

  Classification: 

Class  : Dicotyledons 

Order  : Lamiales 

Family  : Lamiaceae 

Genus  : Tectona 

Species : Tectona grandis Linn 

Common name:  Teak (English),
Saaguvani mara ,Thega (Kannada), Tekkki ( Tulu) 

Botanical
name: Tectona grandis 

Family
: Lamiaceae 

Parts
used: roots, bark, flowers and seeds 

Plant
description: 

  Habit :Large
deciduous tree, it is a hardwood tree, native of South and South-east Asia 

Leaves  :Opposite
phyllotaxy, elliptic or obovate petiolate is about 2.5 cm long, reticulate
venation, unicostate hairy on lower side and papery leaves. 

Flower  : Single
flower is inflorescence is very small ,  bisexual, complete ,white non attractive ,
present in clusters yellowish or brownish in colour 

Inflorescence
:Panicled cyme 

Calyx
:Sepals are generally 5-6 ,campanulate,
upto 2.5 cm long ,bladder -like and crumpled 

Corolla
:Petals are 5-6, imbricate, white  

Androecium:Stamens
5-6, present near the base of the ovary 

Gynoecium
:4 celled , linear style and bifid stigma 

Fruit
:Bladder like fruit, drupe nearly 1.5 cm
in diameter covered by dense layer of light brown hairs, may contain one to
four seeds, seeds are ovoid. 

  Special feature of plant used:
Seeds are viable for more than two years and has leather like smell when
freshly milled 

Flowering
season:Flowers ripen from November to January 

Mode
of propagation :Mainly propagated through seeds 

Uses: 

¨ It is cultivated mainly
for its timber 

¨ It is used for
furniture,carving,making doors,windows  

 etc. 

¨ Used in making boats as
teak is water resistant. 

¨ Used as fuel. 

¨ Leaves are used in
preparing herbal medicines for  

 treating various diseases. 

¨ The oil is extracted
from the flowers which has many   

 medicinal uses. 

Rusty shield tree 

  Classification: 

Class:
Dicotyledons 

Order:
Fabales 

Family : Fabaceae 

Genus : Peltophorum 

Species:
P.pterocarpum (DC.) K.Heyne 

Common
name: Copperpod, yellow flame tree, Rusty shield tree (English), Peela gulmohar
(Hindi), Bettada huli (Kannada), Ivalvagai (Tamil) 

Botanical
name :Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) K.Heyne 

Family :Fabaceae 

  Plant description: 

Habit
: Ornamental tree with a shape of an umbrella.
These are common in countries like India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam. 

Leave: Bipinnate, alternate, Petiolate, leaves are
nearly 30 cm long, each pinna has
approximately 20 to 40 oval leaflets, small stipules, entire margin, oblong 

Inflorescence:
Compound raceme. 

Flowers:
zygomorphic, yellow in colour, pedicilate, bisexual 

Calyx:
sepals-5, sepals are united at the base to give a cup shaped structure, coppery
red in colour, valvate aestivation. 

Corolla:
petals-5, valvate aestivation, obovate, yellow in colour, with hairy base. 

Androecium:
Stamens are 10, golden yellow colour
anther, hairy base 

  Gynoecium: one style and one stigma, superior ovary with one locule, two to
many marginal locules. 

Fruits:
pod, red at first and after ripening it
turns to brownish in colour. The fruit contains one to four seeds, fruit
covering is dry and hard. 

Flowering
season: March to May 

Mode of
propagation: through seeds and stem cutting 

Uses: 

· It is an ornamental
tree. 

· It is generally grown
on road sides. 

· The wood is used to
make cabinet. 

· The foliage is used as
fodder crop. 

· In traditional
medicines, the bark is used to prepare  

 tooth powder. 

  

Nilgiri 

  Botanical name :  Eucalyptus
globulus Labill 

Common name : Southern blue gum, blue gum, nilgiri
(kan) 

Classification : 

Sub- division:
Angiospermae 

Class:
Dicotyledonae 

Order:
Myrtales 

Family:
Myrtaceae 

Genus:
Eucalyptus 

Species:
E. globulus Labill 

  Parts used:
leaves, stem 

Plant
description: 

Habit:
Tall evergreen tree 

Leaves : Unicostate,
petiolate, simple, reticulate venation ,leathery, hang obliquely or vertically,
opposite, leaves are with oil and gland. 

Inflorescence : Cymose
panicle 

Flower
: Flowers are white in colour,
protandrous, actinomorphic 

Perianth:
Petals and sepals fuse to form a cap.
The cap is lost when the flower opens.  

Androecium:
Stamens
are many in number, filaments are long and white in colour 

Gynoecium
: Light green style, dark green stigma, carpels-2, epigynous, axile placentation, capitate stigma. 

  Fruit : Vase
shaped capsule, greenish brown inn colour, woody cup shaped receptacle which
surrounds the fruit, contains minute numerous seeds. 

Special
feature : Leaves
and bark contain high concentration of cineole. The fragrance of nilgiri is due
to the presence of cineole. 

Flowering
season : Flowers blossom every second year . It flowers from December to
January. 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds and stem cutting. 

Uses: 

¨ Production of oil. 

¨ Wood is used as fuel. 

¨ Timber is used in
buildings. 

¨ Bark is used in making
paper. 

¨ Oil was used to cure cold. 

  

  Cashew 

Botanical
name: Anacardium occidentale L. 

Common
name: cashew nut tree (Eng), Gonku (Tul), Geru
mara (kan) 

Classification:
 

Sub
– division : Angiospermae 

Class:
Dicotyledonae 

Order:
Sapindales 

Family:
Anacardiaceae 

  Genus: Anacardium 

Species: Anacardium occidentale L. 

Parts
used: stem, fruits and seeds 

Plant
description: 

Habit:
Small tree 

Leaves:
Simple, obovate, unicostate, reticulate venation, dorsiventral , petiolate  

Inflorescence:
panicle 

  Flower:
Small polygamous, bracteate, zygomorphic, two types of flowers are present in
the inflorescence i.e., male and bisexual flowers, 90% of the flowers in the panicle are male
and the remaining are bisexual flowers. Only 10% of the bisexual flowers
produce mature fruits. 

Calyx:
Sepal 5, imbricate, lanceolate. 

Corolla: Petal 5, yellow in colour. 

Androecium:
stamens 8- 10, all are fertile, one is longer than other, filaments are connate
at base. 

Gynoecium:
Ovary is one celled, style is one & minute stigma.  

  Fruit:
True fruit of cashew tree is kidney shaped. It is drupe. True fruit is single
seed. The true fruit is attached to fleshy orange or yellow or red coloured
pseudocarp which is enlarged receptacle. The fleshy pseudocarp is also eaten as
fruit. 

Flowering
season: December - June. 

Mode
of propagation: By seeds and by grafting. 

Uses: 

· Cashew nut are used in
the preparation of various food  

 products like snacks, cashew milk, in
ice-cream, etc. 

· Used in preparation of
cashew nut oil. 

· Fleshy pseudocarp is
used in preparation in beverage. 

· Wood is used as fuel. 

  

SAPOTA 

  Botanical name: Manilkara
zapota (L.) P.Royen 

Common
name: Chikoo, sapota(Kannada) 

Classification: 

Sub-division:
Angiospermae 

Class:
Dicotyledonae 

Family:
Sapotaceae 

Genus:Manilkara 

Species:
Manilkara zapota  

Parts
used: Stem, Fruits 

  Plant description 

Habit:
Evergreen tree, glandular. 

Leaves:
Simple, unicostate, petiolate, reticulate venation, elliptic, glabrous,
shining. 

Inflorescence:
Solitary or paired in pedicel. 

Flowers: Bisexual, actinomorphic. 

Calyx: Sepals-6. 

Corolla: Greenish white, with 6 lobes half as long as
tube. 

  Androecium: Stamens-6, alternating with 6 petaloid. 

Gynoecium: Ovary many celled, single style and stigma. 

Fruit: Berry, with thin rusty brown skin, seeds are
black. 

Special features: The tree has high latex content. 

Flowering season: October-November or February-March. 

Mode of propagation: Through seeds and stem cutting. 

Uses: 

·   Fruits are edible. 

· Fruits are used in preparation of ice-cream, fruit  

 salad and milk shake. 

· Pulps is used in making sweets and halwas. 

· The fruit was traditionally used in medicines to  

 treat coughs and
cold. 

· The fruits are tasty, nutritious and highly  

 affordable. 

· Wood is used as fuel. 

  

African tulip tree  

  Botanical name: Spathodea campanulate P.Beauv 

Common
name: African tulip tree and Fountain tree (Eng), Rugtoora (Hin), Patadi
(Tamil), Neeru kaayi and Ucche kaayi (Kan) 

Cassification:  

Sub- division: Angiospermae 

Class:
Dicotyledonae 

Family:
Bignoniaceae 

  Order: Lamiales 

Genus: Spathodea 

Species: Spathodea campanulate P.Beauv 

Habit:
Deciduous ornamental tree 

Leaves:
Pinnate leaves, unicostate, reticulate venation, petiolate, opposite or sub
opposite. 

Inflorescence: terminal corymb like raceme. 

Flower:
Large, showy, scarlet orange, funnel shaped, bisexual, zygomorphic, pedicillate. 

  Calyx: Sepals are fused to form horn like structure i.e.,
calyx tube. The calyx tube split along one side as the flowers open. 

Corolla: Petal-5 

Androecium: Stamens 4, large brown anthers present on 5 cm long filaments. 

Gynoecium:
Hypogynous ovary, 2 celled, long yellow style with reddish stigma. 

  Fruit: elongated pod, dark brown, seeds are edible, flat thin
and winged. 

Special feature: It is a weed which is toxic to stingless bees 

Flowering season: March to December 

Mode of propagation: Through seed and stem cutting. 

Uses: 

· It is an
avenue tree. 

· It is an ornamental tree. 

Arjun Tree 

   

Botanical
name: Terminalia
arjuna (Roxb. Ex DC.) Wight & Arn. 

Common name: Bilimatti, Nir matti (Kan), Arjuna (Hin), Maiyokpha
(Manipuri)  

  

Classification: 

Sub- division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Family:
Combretaceae 

Genus: Terminalia
 

Species: Terminalia
arjuna (Roxb. Ex DC.) Wight & Arn. 

Habit:
Large deciduous tree 

Leaves:
Simple, elliptic, acute, petiolate, unicostate, reticulate venation, presence
of two glands near the apex, sub- opposite. 

  

  

  Inflorescence: Panicle of spikes. 

Flower:
actinomorphic, bisexual, small, white, sessile. 

Calyx:
Sepals -5, triangular lobes 

Corolla:  

Androecium: 

Gynoecium: 

Fruits: 

Flowering season: March – may 

Mode of propagation: through seeds 

Uses: 

· Timber is used for construction purpose. 

· Bark is used in medicine as a tonic,  

 antidysentric 

· Seeds are edible 

· Wild silk of commercial importance feeds  

 on the leaves of
arjuna. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

June plum 

  Botanical name: Spondias dulcis L. 

Common
name: Yellow mombin, hog plum, ambade (Konkani), Pulicha kaai (Tamil), Amte
kaai (Kan). 

Classification: 

Sub – division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Family: Anacardiaceae 

Genus: Spondias 

Species: Spondius dulcis L. 

  Parts used: Fruits and bark 

Plant
description: 

Habit: Small deciduous tree 

Leaves: Leaves are pinnate, leaflets 3-7 pairs, elliptic, reticulate venation. 

Inflorescence: 

Flowers: 

Calyx: Sepals are 5 

Corolla: Yellow 

Androecium: 

Gynoecium: Ovary one celled 

Fruits: Drupe, long, ovoid, yellow, actinomorphic 

  Special features: oily pericarp 

Flowering season: January- March 

Mode of propagation: Through seeds 

Uses: 

· Fruits are edible. 

· Fruits are used in making pickels. 

· Fruit is also used in curries. 

· Leaves are used in feeding goats. 

· It is used as fuel wood. 

  

Indian
Beech Tree 

  Botanical name: Pongamia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi 

Common name: Honge mara (Kan), Indian beech tree (Eng),
Honge mara (Kannada), Karanj (Hindi)  

Classification: 

Sub – division: Angiospermae 

Class: 

Order: Fabales 

Family: Fabaceae 

Genus: Pongamia  

Species: Pongamia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi 

Parts used: Stem, Seeds 

Plant description: 

Habit: Moderate sized tree. Commonly found along  

  Leaves: Imparipinnately compound, 5- 10 leaflets,
opposite, exstipulate, ovate, glabrous, parallel venation  

Inflorescence: Raceme 

Flowers: Small white flowers 

Calyx:  Campanulate, quincuncial aestivation. 

Corolla:  

Androecium: Stamen 10, monadelphous, vexillary
aestivation. 

Gynoecium: Ovary subsessile, filiform style, capitate
stigma, ovules-2, . 

Fruit:  Pod,
indehiscent, single seeded. 

Flowering season: April – June 

Mode of propagation: Through seeds 

Uses:  

· Planted as avenue tree. 

· Oil is extracted from the seeds which is  

 used as bio- diesel. 

· The oil is also used to light lamps and  

 soap making. 

· The leaf paste is applied on cuts and  

 wounds because it help promote healing. 

· The wood is used as fuel. 

· Wood is also used to make cart wheels,  

   
tools handles etc. 

Fish tail palm tree 

  Botanical name:  Caryota
urenns L. 

Common name: Fish tail, Albert palm 

Classification: 

Sub – division: Angiospermae 

Class:  Monocotyledonae 

Order: Arecales 

Family: Arecaceae 

Genus: Caryota 

Species: C. urens   

  

  

Plant description: 

Habit: Tall and slender, greyish trunk with crown of leaves at apex. 

Leaves: Dark green, bipinnate leaves, parallel venation, fish tail like shape,
alternate, large sheathing leaf base and thus making permanent scars on stem. 

Inflorescence:
compound
spadix 

Flowers: 

Arranged in mop like structure, unisexual,
both male and female flowers are present on same plant, cream to yellow in
colour, flowers are arranged in the group of three i.e., two male flowers and
one female flower actinomorphic, sessile, the whole inflorescence is surrounded by spathe. 

Calyx: sepals-3, imbricate aestivation, 

Corolla: petals-3,
valvate aestivaation 

Androecium: stamens-6 arranged in two whorls three each 

Gynoecium: tricarpellary,
trilocular, superior, syncarpous ovary, stigma -3 lobed  

Fruits:  Globular, green which turns
blackish red on ripening, contain single seed 

Uses:  

· Used in the preparation of toddy. 

· The wood is used in construction purpose. 

· Wood is also used as firewood. 

· Leaf sheath are used in making ropes 

·  The leaves are used for thatching
into household items.  

  

Indian Goose berry 

  Botanical
name: Phyllanthus
emblica (L.) 

Common name: Amla (Hindi), Indian
gooseberry (English), Amalaki (Sanskrit) 

Classification: 

Sub – division: Angiospermae 

Class: Eudicots 

Family: Malpighiales 

Genus: Phyllanthus
 

  Species:
P.
emblica 

Plant description: 

Habit: Deciduous
tree, small to medium in size (1-8mm) 

Leaves: Simple,
sub sessile, light green, set along branchlets
resembling pinnate, petiolate 

Inflorescence: Racemose
inflorescence 

Flowers: Ebracteolate,
small, monoecious, unisexual, trimerous, greenish yellow in colour, male
flowers are at the base and, female flowers at the distal part of inflorescence. 

   Male flower :  

Tepals 6, oblanceolate, 1.5 mm, obtuse.  

Androecium: stamens 3, anthers oblong, connate by their
connectives; apiculate; disc glands 

female flowers: tepals 6, oblanceolate, obtuse; ovary
superior, 1.5 mm, 3-celled; ovules 2 in each cell; styles 3, broadly fimbriate,
recurved, stigmatiferous. 

Fruit: nearly
spherical, light greenish yellow with 6 vertical stripes. 

Flowering season: March
- April 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds and stem cutting. 

Uses: 

· Fruit is eaten raw. 

· It is also used in various dishes like dal  

· A sweet dish is prepared by soaking the  

  fruits in sugar syrup  

· Amla juice is also prepared. 

· Fruit is used in preparation of pickles. 

· Fruit is used in the preparation of  

 chyawanprash
and triphala. 

· Wood is used as a source fuel. 

·Oil is extracted from amla.  

Toddy palm 

  Botanical name: Borassus flabellifer (L.) 

Common
name: Palmyra palm (English), Tala or Tal palm,
Wine palm 

Classification: 

Sub –
division: Angiospermae 

Class: Monocotyledonae 

Family:
Arecaceae 

Genus: Borassus  

Species:
B.  flabellifer  

Plant
description: 

Habit: Solitary, dioecious palm, 30m in height. The
trunk is with leaf scars. 

  Leaves: Multicostate (divergent), parallel venation,
fan shaped leaves, petiolate, sheath, with wide triangular cleft. 

Inflorescence:- 

Male inflorescence:  Catkin like inflorescence. 

 Female inflorescence: Unbranched,
2 kneeled, split ventrally  

Flowers: unisexual, actinomorphic 

Male flowers: globose smaller than female, bracteate, actinomorphic 

Female flowers: globose larger than male, bracteate, actinomorphic 

Calyx:  sepals
-3, imbricate aestivation 

Corolla: petals 3, imbricate aestivation 

Androecium: stamens -6  

Gynoecium: 3 celled stigma, basal ovules and erect 

  Fruit:  drupe,
enlarged perianth at the base, actinomorphic, spherical, fibrous mesocarp, deep
brown when ripened.  

Flowering
season: January to April 

Mode of
propagation: Through seeds. 

Uses: 

· The pulp of the fruits is edible. 

· The leaves were used in making umbrellas in  

 olden days. 

· The leaves are also used in the preparation of  

 broom. 

· Wood is used in the construction purpose 

· Sap is used in the preparation of toddy.  

Rain tree 

  Botanical name: Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. 

Common name: Rain tree, Five O’clock tree, Cow tamarind,
Monkey-pod (Eng),  

Classification: 

Sub – division: Angiospermae 

Class: 

Family: Fabaceae 

Genus: Samanea 

Species: S. saman  

Plant description: 

  Habit: It is a huge tree which has umbrella shaped
crown. Apart from India these are also
found in Central and South America, Peru, Mexico and Brazil.  

Leaves: Pinnately
compound, pulvinous leaf base, exstipulate, petiolate 

Leaves
generally fold in rainy season and in the evening 

Inflorescence: Globose head
inflorescence 

Flowers: Pinkish flowers with white and red stamens, bisexual flowers, actinomorphic, hypogynous 

Calyx: 

Corolla: 

Androecium: Stamens are red in colour 

Gynoecium: 

  Fruit: Pods  

Pods
contain sticky and edible flesh. 

Flowering season: 

Mode of propagation: Through seeds and stem cutting. 

Uses: 

· It is an avenue tree. 

· It is generally cultivated because of it provides  

 shade. 

· It is grown in gardens for its beautiful and  

 attractive
flowers. 

· Wood is used
as a source of fuel. 

· Wood is used
in carpentry. 

  

Cannonball tree 

  Botanical
name: Couroupitan guianensis Aubl. 

Common name: Nagalinga (Hindi), Nalalingam (Malyalam),
Shivalinga (Gujrat), Cannonball tree (English) 

Classification: 

Sub – division: Angiospermae 

Class: dicotyledonae 

Family:
Lecythidaceae 

Genus: Couroupita 

Species: C. guianensis
 

Parts used: Flowers 

   

Plant description: 

Habit: Deciduous, tall
soft wooded tree. It is native to the Central and South America. 

Leaves: simple, alternate,
reticulate venation, unicostate, oblong or ovate 

Inflorescence: simple raceme 

Flowers: Flowers are
aromatic, unisexual and reddish in colour, zygomorphic, pedicilate, looks like
snakes head 

Calyx: sepals-6, valvate aestivation 

Corolla: Petals-6, valvate
aestivation 

Androecium: stamens are
present on the overarching
andophore 

Gynoecium: 

  Fruit: Large, reddish brown in colour, woody, spherical and
bitter in taste, thick rind has the shape of cannonball. 

Flowering season: 

Mode of propagation:
through stem cutting and seeds. 

Uses: 

· This tree is most commonly used in the
preparation of medicines. 

· The flowers are used in making perfumes and
cosmetic products. 

· The pulp is used to feed domestic pigs and
chickens. 

· The hard shell of the fruit is locally used
in the preparation of utensils. 

· The flowers are used in Shiva pooja 

White Frangipani 

  Botanical name: Plumeria alba (L.) 

Common name: White
frangipani (English), Chape (Konkani), Deva kanagile (Kannada), Champa (Hindi) 

Classification: 

Sub – division:
Angiospermae  

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Family: Apocynaceae 

Order:
Gentianales 

Genus: Plumeria 

Species: P.  alba  

Parts used: Stem, flowers 

  Plant description: 

Habit:  it is a small deciduous tree, contains milky
sap. 

Leaves: simple, reticulate
venation, unicostate, alternate, entire margin,  

Inflorescence: Cyme 

Flowers: white flowers with
yellow centre, funnel shaped, flowers are aromatic, actinomorphic, petiolate
bisexual, complete.  

Calyx: Sepals-5,
polysepalous 

Corolla: petals -5, twisted aestivation, polypetalous,
white with yellow centre 

Androecium: Stamens-5, epipetalous
lying at the base of corolla 

Gynoecium: Capitate stigma,
short style 

  Fruit: Brown pod 

Flowering season: May to
November 

Special features:  The plant produces milky sap. 

Mode of propagation:  through stem cutting 

Uses: 

· It is an ornamental tree. 

· The flowers are used as offerings to the  

 gods. 

· Flowers are used in making perfumes. 

· Flowers are also used in making  

 incense sticks. 

  

   Monkey Jack 

  

Botanical name : Artocarpous lacucha Buch.-Ham 

Common name: Vate huli (Kan), Lakucham (Malayalam), Irappala
(Tamil), Money Jack (Eng) 

Classification: 

  Sub – division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Family:
Moraceae 

Genus: Artocarpous  

Species:
A. lacucha  

Parts
used: stem, fruits 

Plant description: 

Habit:  it is a tall deciduous tree.
Found in evergreen or semi green forests of India. These trees are also found
in Sri Lanka 

Leaves: simple, margin is entire, alternate, oblong
or ovate, reticulate venation, petiolate, unicostate, stipulate, lanceolate. 

Inflorescence: Axillary
globose on short pubescent peduncle. 

Flowers:  monoecious
male and female are borne on the separate drooping catkins. 

Male flowers are small yellow and elongated.
They taste like tamarind. 

Female flowers are larger than male and are
borne on short and thick peduncle as compared to male flowers 

Androecium: presence of only stamen, anthers exerted. 

Gynoecium: Syncarp globose 

Fruit: Syncarp, irregularly lobed, fleshy, seeds are oblong, sour in taste,
seeds contain sticky white latex. 

Flowering season: January - April 

Mode of propagation: through seeds 

Uses: 

· The fruits are dried and used as a substitute for tamarind in curries. 

· Wood is often used for the construction purpose. 

· Wood is also used in making furniture and boat building. 

· Fruits yield yellow dye. 

· Fruit and barks are also used in the preparation of medicines to treat
various diseases like eye diseases, lack of appetite, etc.  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Indian ash tree 

  

Botanical name: Lannea coromandelica 

Common name: Gurjon tree, Indian ash
tree (English), Godda (Kannada), Jiola (Bengali), Moi (Konkani) 

  

   

Classification: 

Sub – division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order:
Sapindales 

Family: Anacardiaceae 

Genus: Lannea 

Species: Lannea coromandelica 

  

Plant description: 

Habit: It
is a deciduous tree. It belongs to Cashew family. 

  Leaves:
Pinnately
compound, alternate, presence of terminal pinnae, leaflets are 5, oppositely
arranged, reticulate venation. 

Inflorescence: Simple raceme (Female), Compound raceme (Male) 

Flowers: unisexual,
greenish 

Calyx: Sepals-4,
broad ovate 

Corolla: Petals-4,
oblong 

Male flowers: in compound racemes; calyx
4-lobed; lobes ovate, imbricate; petals 4, lanceolate, imbricate; disc annular;
stamens 8, inserted below the disc, ovary abortive;  

Female flowers: in simple racemes; petals and
sepals as in male flowers; stamens very short and small; anthers sterile; ovary
superior. 

Fruit: Drupe 

Flowering season: January to March 

Mode of propagation: Through seeds 

  Uses: 

· It is used in making plywood because of its excellent termite resistant
properties. 

· The powdered bark is used as flavouring agent. 

· The gum from the trunk is used in confectionery. 

· The young leaves are edible, used in vegetable dishes. 

· The wood is used as firewood. 

  cassod tree 

Botanical name: Senna siamea (Lam.)H.S.Irwwin& Barneby 

Common name: Kasaundi (Hindi), Senna sophera (English), Sulari
(Tamil) 

Classification: 

Sub –
division:  Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Family:
Fabaceae 

Order: Fabales 

Genus: Senna 

Species:
Senna siamea 

Plant
description: 

  Habit: It is an evergreen tree which is found all
over India. 

Leaves:
petiolate, reticulate venation, opposite,
acute apices, oblique leaf bases, entire margin, lanceolate 

Inflorescence:
Raceme 

Flowers:
yellow, pentamorous,  

Calyx: Sepals-5, greenish yellow 

Corolla:
Petals -5, yellow 

Androecium:
stamens-10, staminode-3 and 7 are perfect,
long anther and filament. 

  Gynoecium:  Monocarpellary, pubescent ovary, light green 

Fruit:  Pod, the pods are brown in colour
when mature, many seeded 

Flowering season: Throug out the year 

Mode of propagation: Seed 

Uses: 

· It is an ornamental tree. 

· Young leaves are eaten as vegetables. 

· The young pods are also edible. 

· The roasted seeds are used as substitute for  

 coffee 

· Decoction of leaves is used to cure fever.  

Mahogani Plant 

  Classification: 

Sub – division:  Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Family: Meliaceae  

Genus: Swietenia  

Species: Swietenia mahagoni King 

Botanical name: Swietenia mahagoni King 

Common name:  

Plant description: 

Habit:  it is semi- evergreen, semi-deciduous tree. It
is monoecious. 

Leaves:  the leaves are pinnately compound, 4- 8
leaflets, no terminal leaflets, reticulate venation, new leaves are reddish
purple in colour but mature leaves are green in colour. 

Inflorescence: Panicle 

  Flowers:
small
yellow flowers, both male and female flowers grow on same tree 

Fruit: Woody
capsule, pear shaped, five valved, winged seeds 

Flowering season: March - April 

Mode of propagation: Through seeds 

Uses: 

· The wood is used for furniture  

 purpose, flooring, etc. 

· Wood is also used to make  

 modern musical instruments. 

· It is an ornamental tree. 

· It is also used in the preparation  

 of medicines to cure malaria,   

 diabetes. 

· Wood is used as firewood. 

  

Sapistan plum  

  

   

  

Common name: Anta
ruk (Konkani),  

Kannada :
Challe Hannu 

Classification: 

Sub – division: Angiospermae 

Class:
Dicotyledonae 

Order:
Boraginales 

Family: Boraginacea 

Genus: Cordia 

Species: Cordia myxa (L.) 

  Plant
description: 

Habit:
It is a deciduous tree, the bark is greyish brown in colour, monoecious. 

Leaves: broad,
ovate, petiolate, alternate, glabrous, the young leaves are hairy. 

Inflorescence:
Cymose panicle 

Flowers: white in colour, male and female flowers are
present on same tree  

pedicel 1–2 mm long; male flowers with campanulate. 

calyx 4.5–5.5 mm long, 3-lobed, shortly hairy inside,
glabrous outside. 

corolla tube 3.5–4.5 mm long, lobes 5, elliptical, c. 5 mm ×
2 mm, reflexed. 

stamens inserted at corolla throat, exserted, filaments
1.5–3.5 mm long, ovary rudimentary. 

Androecium:  Hairy
filament. staminodes with sterile anthers, 

Gynoecium: ovary
superior, ellipsoid to obovoid, 4-celled, style 8–9 mm long, with 4 stigmatic
branches 4–5 mm long. 

Fruit:  Drupe,
light pale to brown in colour 

Flowering season: March - April 

Mode of
propagation: Through seeds and
stem cutting 

Uses: 

· The
fresh foliage is used as fodder. 

· The
fruits are used in the preparation of glue. 

· The wood
is used as firewood. 

· The
fruit is also used in preparation of pickles. 

  

  

  

White teak 

  

  

  Botanical name: Gmelina
arborea Roxb. 

Common
name: Beechwood,
Kashmir tree, White teak (English), 

Classification: 

Sub-division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order: Lamiales 

Family: Lamiaceae 

Genus: Gmelia 

  Species: Gmelia arborea Roxb. 

  

  

Plant description: 

Habit: It is a deciduous tree. 

Leaves: simple, reticulate
venation, petiolate, unisostate. 

Inflorescence: Panicle 

Flower: Brownish yellow in
colour, 

Calyx:  Sepals-5, campanulate,  

Corolla: ,brownish yellow in
colour, short tube 

Androecium: Stamens- 4, didynamous 

Gynoecium: ovary is four chambered
with one ovule each, slender style, bifid stigma 

Fruit: Drupe leathery
pericarp, bony endocarp, 1 or 2 seeds, hard seeeds 

Flowering season: February to January. 

Mode of propagation: Through seeds 

Uses: 

· The wood is used for
construction purpose, making musical instruments. 

· The wood is used to
make plywood, in carpentry and making matches. 

· The leaves and fruits
are used as fodder. 

· The wood is also used
as fuel.  

  

Blackbroad tree 

Botanical name: Alstonia
schloris (L.) R.Br. 

Common name: Devil’s
tree, Blackboard tree (English), Chitvan, shaitan Ka Jhad (Hindi), Doddapala
(Kannada), Satvin (Marathi) 

  Classification: 

Sub-division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order:
Gentianales 

Family: Apocynaceae 

Genus: Alstonia 

Species: Alstonia
schloris (L.) R.Br. 

Plant description: 

  Habit: It
is a glabrous tree, its mature branch is greyish in colour and whorled 

Leaves: Leaves
occur in the whorl of three to ten leaves, simple, the upper part of the leaf
is glossy, petiolate, reticulate venation, dark green in colour, estipulate, entire margin 

Inflorescence: Cyme 

Flower:
pedicillate, white, bisexual  

Calyx:
Sepals -5, unequal, ovate, cupular 

  Corolla:  Petals-5, salver shaped, white or creamy
yellow, obovate, twisted aestivation,  

Androecium: Stamens-
5 

Gynoecium:
Carpels-2,free, ovules many, filiform style, inverted cone shaped stigma ovaries
are distinct 

Fruit: Dehiscent
follicles, Seeds are feathery, numerous, small, flat seeds, pendulous. 

Flowering season: March
to July  

Mode of propagation: Through
seeds 

Uses: 

· It is an ornamental
tree. 

· The wood is used in
manufacture of  pencils. 

· The wood is also used
in making coffins. 

  

  

  

Christmas tree 

  Botanical
name: Araucaria
bidwillii 

Common name: Christmas tree, Bunya pine (English) 

Classification: 

Sub-division:
Gymnospermae 

Class:
Pinopsida 

Order:
Pinales 

Family:
Araucariaceae 

Genus:
Araucaria 

  Species: Araucaria
bidwillii 

Plant
description: 

Habit:
The whole tree is cone like and its
branches are arranged in a whorl. It is a coniferous evergreen tree. It is
monoecious. 

Leaves:
green, glossy, lanceolate or triangular
ovate, lacks midvein, has numerous parallel thin veins. 

Flowers:
male and female flowers are borne on the same tree, but at different parts.
Male flowers are generally present at the base whereas female flowers ar
present at the top. Bisexual flowers are also present. 

  Female cones: scaly,
egg shaped, larger when compared to male cones, present at the top of the tree. 

Male
cones: scaly, foxtail shaped, smaller, more
numerous, present at the tip of the branchlets. 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds and through cuttings. 

Uses: 

· The tree has special
importance during  

 Christmas, the whole tree is
decorated. 

· It is an ornamental
tree. 

· The cones contain
edible kernels. 

· The wood is used to
make plywood,  

 boxes, etc 

Aporosa  

  

  Botanical
name:
Aporosa lindleyana Blume 

Common name: Sali, sarali (Kannada), Kodali (Malyalum) 

Classification: 

Sub-division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order: Malpighiales 

Family: Phyllanthaceae 

  Genus:
Aporosa 

Species: Aporosa
lidleyana Blume 

  

Plant description: 

Habit:
medium dioecious tree 

Leaves: Simple,
alternate, stipulate, swollen at end, reticulate venation, entire margin,
petiolate 

  Inflorescence: Male
flowers in Catkin, Female flowers in cyme 

Flower:  unisexual, incomplete 

Calyx: sepals-4 

Corolla: Absent 

Androecium: Stamens
3-4, filament didynamous 

Gynoecium:
Bifid stigma 

  Fruit:  Capsule, 2-4 seeded 

Flowering
season: December to June 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds. 

 Uses: 

· The fruits are edible. 

· The wood is used for
construction  

 purpose. 

· The wood is also as
fuel. 

  

  

Black varnish tree  

  

   

Botanical
name : Holigarna
arnottiana Buch.-Ham.
ex Roxb. 

Common name: Black varnish tree,
Malabar marking nut (English), holageru (Kannada), Ranbiba (Marathi) 

Classification: 

Sub-division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order: Sapindales 

Family: Anacardiaceae 

  Genus: Holigarna 

Species:
Holigarna
arnottiana Buch.-Ham.
ex Roxb. 

  

Plant description: 

Habit: It is a large tree,
contains white latex which turns black later.  

Leaves: Simple, entire margin,
alternate, petiolate, reticulate venation, unicostate, estipulate. 

Inflorescence: Panicle 

Flower:
greenish-
white, polygamous, bisexual 

Calyx: Sepals-5, cupular 

Corolla: Petals- 5, valvate
aestivation 

Androecium:
Stamens-5,
filaments subulate, red versatile anthers 

Gynoecium:
Epigynous,
pendulous placentation, styles-3, capitate stigma 

Fruit:
Drupe,ovoid, single seeded, parietal seed, resinous 

Flowering
season: January
to June 

Mode
of propagation: 

Uses: 

· It is used in Ayurvedic
medicines to treat tumour, cancer, skin diseases, etc. 

· The wood is used in
making matchboxes, pencils. 

· The wood is also in
making bullock carts, boats, etc.  

  

  

Bidi leaf Tree 

  Botanical name: Bauhinia
racemose Lam. 

Common name: Bidi
leaf tree (English), Aapta (Marathi),Aapta (Kannada), Atti (Tamil) 

Classification: 

Sub-division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order: Fabales 

Family: Fabaceae 

Genus: Bauhinia 

Species: Bauhinia
racemosa 

Plant description: 

Habit: It is a tree
whose branches are drooping. 

  Leaves:  Bifoliate, alternate,
stipulate, reticulate venation, petiolate. 

Inflorescence: Racemose 

Flower: White,
actinomorphic, bisexual, complete, pedicillate, bracteate, bracteolate. 

Calyx: 

Corolla: Petals-5,
white 

Androecium:
Stamens-10, versatile anthers, equal sized filaments. 

Gynoecium: perigynous
ovary, many ovules, filiform style, peltate stigma. 

Fruit: Pods, curved,
swollen, many seeded, seeds are dark reddish brown or black in colour. 

Flowering season: February
- May 

Mode of propagation: Through
seeds and stem cuttings 

  Uses: 

· The leaves are
generally exchanged  

 among
people during the occasion of   

 Dussehra. 

· The leaves are used in
making Indian  

 cigarette
(Bidis). 

· The leaf decoction is
used to treat  

 headache
during malaria. 

· The bark decoction is
used in cleaning  

 wounds,
and to cure skin disorders. 

· The wood is used in
making plough. 

· The wood is used as
firewood. 

· The leaves are used as
fodder for goats,  

 sheep
and cattle. 

  Royal bottle palm 

Botanical name: Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F.Cook 

Common
name:  Cuban Royal Palm, Florida royal palm (English) 

Classification: 

Sub-division:
Angiospermae 

Class:
Monocotyledonae 

Order:
Arecales 

Family:
Arecaceae 

Genus:
Roystonea 

Species: Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F.Cook 

Plant description: 

Habit: Unbranched with crown
of leaves, bottle shaped trunk. 

  Leaves: Pinnately compound,
parallel venation 

Inflorescence:
compound spadix 

Flower: Flowers cream-coloured, small, unisexual,
separate male and female flowers on same plant, clustered in threes with female
flower in between 2 much larger male flowers. Borne on large, much-branched
panicles (up to 1m across) below crownshaft, emerging from horn-shaped
bracts.  

Fruit: The shape is spheroid
to ellipsoid, green which turns red and later purplish- black. 

  

Special
features: the
rood nodules contain Rhizobium bacteria which helps in fixing nitrogen. 

Flowering
season: 

Mode
of propagation: Through
seeds 

Uses: 

· It is an ornamental
tree. 

· The wood is also used
for construction purpose. 

· The fruits and flowers
are used to feed the livestock. 

· The leaves are used for
thatching purpose. 

· Oil is extracted from
oil.  

  

Footstool palm 

  Botanical name: Saribus
rotundifolius (Lam.) Blume 

Common
name: Footstool palm, Java palm (English) 

Classification: 

Sub-division:
Angiospermae 

Class:
Monocotyledonae 

Order:
Arecales 

Family:
Arecaceae 

Genus:
Saribus 

  Species: Saribus
rotundifolius (Lam.) Blume 

Plant
description: 

Habit:
Evergreen, solitary, hermaphrodite with
a crown of leaves at the apex, the trunk contains leaf scars. 

Leaves:
Palmately compound, divergent, parallel
venation, long petiole. 

Inflorescence:
Compound spadix 

Flower:
 

Flowers solitary or in
clusters of 2-4, to 2-3 mm long, yellowish, sessile on small pulvini; sepals
broadly ovate, very obtuse, dorsally carinate; petals less obtuse, yellowish;
ovary glabrous; style subulate, acute, very short. 

  : 

Fruit:
Drupe, small spherical 

Flowering
season: Throughout the year 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds. 

Uses: 

· It is an ornamental
tree. 

· The leaves are used for
thatching of  

  roofs. 

· The leaves are used in
making brooms. 

Hog plum  

  Botanical name: Spondius
pinnata (L.f.) Kurz 

Common name:
Hog plum (English), Ambade (Konkani), Amate Kaai (Kannada) 

Classification: 

Sub-division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order: Sapindales 

Family: Anacardiaceae 

Genus: Spondius 

Species:
Spondius pinnata (L.f.) Kurz 

Plant description: 

  Habit: It
is a deciduous tree. 

Leaves:
Green, large, with pairs of leaflets, imparipinnately compound, entire margin,
opposite leaflets, reticulate venation, petiolate. 

Inflorescence: 

Flower:
Small, sessile, white 

Calyx:
triangular  

Corolla: Ovate 

Androecium: 

Gynoecium: 

  Fruit: Drupe,
elliptic – ovoid in shape, green which turns yellowish orange later, 2-3 seeds 

Flowering
season: April to June 

Mode
of propagation: through seeds and stem cuttings. 

Uses: 

· The fruits are edible
which has sour  

 taste. 

· The fruits are used in
making jellies  

 and juices. 

· The fruits are used to
feed pigs. 

· Pickles are also
prepared using the  

 fruits. 

Kashmiri badam 

  Botanical name:
Sterculia foetida (L.) 

Common name: Kashmiri
badam, wild almond tree (English), Jangali badam (Marathi) 

Classification: 

Sub-division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order: Malvales 

Family: Malvaceae 

Genus: Sterculia 

  Species: Sterculia
foetida (L.) 

Plant description: 

Habit: It
is soft wooded tree. The branches are arranged in the form of a whorl. The tree
is dioecious. 

Leaves: The
leaves are present at the end of the branchlets, petiolate, palmately compound,
reticulate venation, deciduous. 

Inflorescence: Panicle 

Flower: Green
or purple in colour, unisexual 

  Calyx: Sepals-5,
dull orange in colour. 

Corolla: Absent 

Androecium: 10-
15 anthers,  

Gynoecium: Ovary
-5, superior, 20 ovules 

Fruit: 4
or 5 folicles, each follicle contains 10 – 15 follicles, the fruit is
dehiscent. 

Flowering season: September
to October 

Mode of propagation:
Through seeds. 

  Uses: 

· The seeds are used as
biofuel. 

· The seeds are roasted
and eaten. 

· The oil extracted from
the seeds is edible. 

· Wood is used as biofuel. 

· The wood is used in
making boat planking,  

 carved toys and guitars. 

Golden shower tree 

  Botanical name: Cassia
fistula (L.) 

Common name: Golden
shower tree (English),  

Classification: 

Sub-division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order: Fabales 

Family: Fabaceae 

Genus: Cassia 

Species: Cassia
fistula (L.) 

Plant description: 

Habit: It
is a deciduous tree. 

  Leaves:
Pinnately compound, petiolate, reticulate venation, entire margin, stipulate,
alternate. 

Inflorescence: Pendulous
raceme 

Flower:
Yellow, hermaphrodite, perigynous. 

Calyx:
Sepals- 5, polysepalous, imbricate. 

Corolla: Petals-5,
petals are of unequal size, zygomorphic, imbricate. 

Androecium: Stamens-
10, arranged in two series, unequalled size, 5 inner stamens are opposite to
petals and 5 outer stamens are opposite to five sepals, versatile, dithecous. 

  Gynoecium: Monocapellary,
superior ovary, marginal placentation, short atyle, terminal stigma 

Fruit: Legume,
it contains various seeds 

Flowering season: 

Mode of propagation: Through
seeds 

Uses: 

· The leaves are used as
fodder for cattle,  

 sheep and goats. 

· The wood is used for
construction  

purpose. 

· The tree is ornamental. 

· The pulp is sometimes
added to  

 tobacco. 

Bhimbla 

  Botanical name: Averhhoa
bilimbi (L.) 

Common
name: Cucumber tree or Tree sorrel (English),
Bilimbi (Hindi), Bimbla (Konkani) 

Classification: 

Sub-
division: Angiospermae 

Class:
Dicotyledonae 

Order:
Oxalidales 

Family:
Oxalidaceae 

Genus:
Averrhoa 

  Species: Averrhoa
bilimbi (L.) 

Parts
used: 

Plant
description:  

Habit:
It is small tropical tree. It is multitrunked. 

Leaves:
Alternate, pinnately compound,
reticulate venation, entire margin, opposite leaflets. 

Inflorescence:
Penicle 

Flowers:
Small, red, actinomorphic, fragrant, bisexual, complete, hypogynous, pentamerous. 

  Calyx:  Sepals-5, imbricate aestivation, star shaped 

Corolla:
Petals- 5, imbricate aestivation. 

Androecium:
Stamens biserrate, 5+5, outer stamens
are fertile, connate filaments.  

Gynoecium:
Syncarpous, superior ovary,
pentacarpellary, pentalocular, stylea-5, axile placentation. 

Fruit:
berry, green and yellowish on ripening, elongated,
ellipsoidal, juicy, sour, 5- angled 

Flowering
season: 

Mode
of propagation: 

Uses: 

·   The fruit is edible and can also be eaten  

 raw. 

· The fruit is used as
souring agent in various  

 food
items. 

· The fruits are used in
making pickles. 

· The fruit is also used
in making curry. 

· In ancient times
flowers were used to dye  

clothes 

· The fruit extract is
used to bleach stains  

from hands and cloth. 

Paradise tree 

  Botanical name: Simarouba
glauca DC.,  

Common
name: Paradise tree (English), Lakshmi Taru (Kannada),
Sourga Maram (Tamil) 

Classification: 

Sub-
division: Angiospermae 

Class:
Dicotyledonae 

Order:
Sapindales 

Family:
Simaroubaceae 

Genus:
Simarouba 

Species:
Simarouba glauca DC.,
1811 

  Parts used: Stem,
fruit, leaves and seeds. 

Plant
description: 

Habit: these
are dioecious trees. 

Leaves:
Pinnately compound leaves, reticulate
venation 

Inflorescence:
Panicle 

Flowers:
Yellow 

Calyx:
Sepals-5 

Corolla:
Petals-5 

Male
flowers: Stamens-10, no ovaries 

Female
flowers: 5 unfused ovaries, 10 non functional stamens, unilocular, single
seeded. 

Fruit:
drupe, fruit is fleshy, purple coloured,
 

Flowering
season: December to February. 

  Mode of propagation: Through
seeds 

Uses: 

· Wood is used in making
furniture,  

 matches, toys, etc. 

· The pulp is used in
making paper. 

· It is also used in
making soaps,  

 cosmetics, detergents and in  

 pharmaceutical products. 

· It is used as source of
biofuel. 

· Simarouba powder is externally  

 applied
on wounds and sores. 

· Fruits can be eaten raw. 

· The oil extracted is
used in making   

 bakery products and also in
industrial   

 purpose 

White frangipani 

  Class : Magnoliopsida 

Order : Gentianales 

Family : Apocynaceae 

Genus : Plumeria 

Species : Plumeria obtuse (L.) 

Common name: White frangipani (English), kaadu sampige
(Kannada), champa (Hindi) 

Botanical Name: Plumeria
obtuse (L.) 

Family: Apocynaceae 

Parts used: leaves & flower 

Plant description:
 

  Habit:
Small shrub or tree 

It is native to West Indies, Florida, Mexico etc. 

Leaves: arranged spirally,  

Inflorescence: panicle 

Flower: flowers are small with small yellow center 

Calyx: sepals 5, polysepalous 

Corolla: petals 5, gamopetalous, twisted 

Androecium: stamens 5 

Gynoecium: many ovules, superior ovary 

Fruit:
slender  

  Flowering season: throughout
the year 

Mode of propagation: root
cutting or by sowing seeds 

Uses: 

· It
is used in making soaps as it provides  

fragrance. 

· It
is an ornamental tree. 

· Flowers
are also used for religious  

purpose. 

· Oil
produced from frangipani is applied  

to hairs as it softens the hair. 

· Flowers
are also used to make garlands. 

· Oil
also protects your hairs from  

harmful UV radiation. 

Yellow oleander 

   

Class  : Magnoliopsida 

Order : Gentianales 

Family : Apocynaceae 

Genus  : Cascabela 

Species  : Cascabela thevetia (L.)
Lippold 

Common name: Yellow oleander (English), kaneir (Hindi) 

Botanical Name: Cascabela
thevetia (L.) Lippold 

Family: Apocynaceae 

Parts used: seeds and leaves 

Plant description:
 

Habit: small tree 

It is found in
various states of India and is native to Mexico and central America  

Leaves: arranged spirally, linear  

Inflorescence: terminal penicles of cyme  

Flower: bright yellow and funnel shaped  

Calyx: sepals 5 

Corolla: petals 5-6, twisted spirally 

Androecium: 5, alternate to petals, sessile, free,
yellowish 

Gynoecium: 

Fruit:
fruit is not edible, thick, has 4 sides, changes colour after maturation.  

Special feature of the part used: leaves and seeds are used to make
medicine 

Flowering season: April to September 

Mode of propagation:
stem cutting 

Harvesting of Yellow oleander: four months after planting  

Uses: 

· Sometimes
flowers are used for religious purpose in Hindu culture  

· Seeds
and leaves are also used as medicine  

· Cultivated
as an ornamental plant in gardens and park 

· fruit
contains phytochemicals which are medicinally important. 

  

Ashoka tree 

  Classification: 

Class : Magnoliopsida  

Order : Fabales 

Family : Fabaceae 

Genus : Saraca 

Species : Saraca asoca (Roxb) Willd 

Common name: Ashoka tree (English), Ashoka da mara
Kannada), Ashoka (Hindi) 

  Botanical Name: Saraca asoca (Roxb) Willd. 

Family: Fabaceae 

Parts used: bark, flowers & sometimes seeds 

Plant description:
 

Habit: Small tree 

It is found in various regions of India & Sri Lanka  

Leaves:
compound, alternate, paripinnate,
reticulte venation, petiolate, entire marign, unicostate, young leaves are pink
in colour. 

  Inflorescence: Corymb 

Flower:
Bracteate, pedicellate, bisexual,
intrapetolar stipules 

Calyx:
sepals are yellow to orange in color 

Corolla:
petals absent. 

Androecium:
stamens 8-10, versatile anthers. 

Gynoecium:
hairy ovary,
curved style, capitate stigma. 

Fruit: Pod 

Special
feature of the part used:
Bark juice helps to get glowing skin.  

Flowering season: Feb
to Apr 

  Mode of propagation: stem cutting or by
sowing seeds  

Harvesting of Saraca:  June-August 

Uses: 

· It is a sacred tree of India, hence worshipped. 

· Flowers are used in making perfumes. 

· It
is an ornamental tree. 

· It
is used in homeopathy. 

· Bark
juice helps to get glowing skin. 

· The
paste of the roots is apllied on ulcers. 

  Headache
tree 

Class :
Magnoliopsida 

Order : Lamiales 

Family : Lamiaceae 

Genus  : Premna 

Species : Premna serratifolia (L.) 

Common name: Headache tree (English), Agnimantha
(Kannada), Arani (Hindi) 

Botanical Name: Premna
serratifolia (L.) 

Family: Lamiaceae 

  Parts used: root,
shoot, bark & leaves 

Plant description:
 

Habit: small tree 

It is Native to
Singapore 

Leaves: Simple, opposite, petiolate 

Inflorescence: Corymb 

Flower: bisexual, 

Calyx: campanulate 

Corolla:  

Androecium: stamens 4 

  Gynoecium: Ovules
usually 4, superior ovary, bifid 

Fruit: berry
(fleshy) 

Special feature of the part used:  

Flowering season: May-November 

Mode of propagation: either by shoot cutting or
by sowing seeds 

Harvesting of Premna:  May-November 

Uses: 

· Fruit
is edible. 

· Leaves
are boiled and then eaten. 

· It
is used in treatment neurological diseases. 

· Leaves
are also used as insect repellent. 

Traveller’s Palm 

  Classification: 

Class : Magnoliopsida 

Order : Zingiberales 

Family : Strelitziaceae 

Genus : Ravenala 

Species : Ravenala madagascariensis Sonn. 

Common
name: Traveller’s Palm (English), Panthapadap (Hindi) 

Botanical
Name: Ravenala
madagascariensis Sonn. 

Family:
Strelitziaceae 

  Parts used: trunk,
leaves  

Plant description:
 

Habit:
Evergreen tree  

It is Native to Madagascar 

Leaves:
Simple, alternate, pinnate 

Inflorescence:
Branched spadix 

Flower:
white in color 

Calyx:
sepals are usually 3 

Corolla:
Petals are usually 3 

Androecium:
Stamens 5  

Gynoecium:
Pentacarpellary, inferior ovary 

Fruit: fruit
is capsule  

Special
feature of the part used:  

  

Flowering season: Throughout
the year 

Mode of propagation: seeds 

Harvesting of  

Uses: 

· Seeds
and fruit are edible.  

· Oil
obtained from seeds is used in cooking. 

· Oil
obtained from seeds possesses. 

· It
is ornamental plant & is planted in garden. 

Round bottle brush  

   Classification: 

Class  :
Magnoliopsida 

Order  : Fabales 

Family  : Fabaceae 

Genus : Calliandra 

Species : Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. 

Common name: Round bottle brush, Powder puff (English) 

  Botanical Name: Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. 

Family: Fabaceae 

Parts used: leaves, barks etc. 

Plant description:
 

Habit: Small shrub 

It is Native to South America. Its is also found in regions of Asia,
Africa & North America. 

Leaves: compound, pinnate,alternate. 

  Inflorescence: globose
head 

Flower: red in color 

Calyx: 5 inconspicuous green sepals 

Corolla: 5 inconspicuous red petals 

Androecium:
stamens are many with small anthers 

Gynoecium:  

Fruit: legume,
pod like, dry & hard 

Special feature of the part used: Flowers are ornamental. 

  Flowering season: November
to April 

Mode of propagation: cuttings
or by seeds 

Harvesting of Calliandra: November to April 

Uses: 

· It
is grown as an ornamental plant. 

· They
are planted in gardens. 

· Wood
is used as source of fuel for small  

 fires. 

· Flowers
are very attractive to butterflies. 

Gulmohar 

  Classification: 

Class  : Magnoliopsida 

Order  : Fabales 

Family  : Fabaceae 

Genus  : Delonix 

Species  : Delonix
regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. 

Common
name: Flamboyant (English), Kattikai (Kannada),
Gulmohar (Hindi) 

Botanical
Name: Delonix regia (Bojer ex
Hook.) Raf. 

  Family: Fabaceae 

Parts used: Leaves 

Plant description:
 

Habit: Evergreen tree 

It is found in Madagascar & Also
planted in India. 

Leaves: compound, bipinnate, alternate, petiolate. 

Inflorescence: racemose 

Flower:
complete, bisexual, red or pink in color,
pedicillate 

Calyx:
sepals 5, valvate aestivation. 

Corolla:
petals 5 

Androecium:
stamens (9+10) 

  Gynoecium: superior
ovary, marginal placentation, unilocular 

Fruit: legume  

Special
feature of the part used:
leaves possesses medicinal properties. 

Flowering
season: April-May 

Mode
of propagation: Cuttings and by seeds 

Harvesting
of Delonix: April-July 

Uses: 

· It
is grown as an ornamental tree 

· The
soluble gum produced is used as  

binding agent in many industries like  

textile. 

· Flowers
are edible. 

· Wood
can be used as fuel. 

· It
is an avenue tree. 

NEEM TREE 

  Class : Magnoliopsida 

Order :
Sapindales 

Family :
Meliaceae 

Genus :
Azadirachta 

Species :
Azadirachta indica A. Juss., 1830 

Common
Name: Neem, Indian lilac,  

Botanical
Name: Azadirachta
indica A. Juss.,
1830 

Family:
Meliaceae 

Parts
Used: Leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, roots
and bark. 

Description 

Habit:
Tropical tree. It thrives best on well
drained deep and sandy soil. Native to India and Africa. 

Leaves:
Leaves are compound, serrate margin,
acuminate apex, ovate-lanceolate. 

  Inflorescence:
Compound racemose. 

Flower:
Flowers are small, bisexual, short
pedicel, complete, actinomorphic. 

Calyx:
Sepals
five, free 

Corolla: Petals five, imbricate aestivation,
white in colour. 

Androecium: Anthers 10, dithecous,
present within staminal tube, disc is absent. 

Gynoecium: Ovary is syncarpous, superior, three
celled with two ovules.  

Fruit:
Fruit is a drupe, yellowish green in
colour. 

Flowering
season: January to July. 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds and stem cutting. 

Harvesting:
Harvesting is done from May to August. 

  Uses: 

· Roots are powdered and
used to treat many  

 diseases. 

· Fresh or cooked fruits
are eaten. 

· Flowers are used to
cook various types dishes  

as a vegetable. 

· Bark and twig are used
as toothbrush for  

cleaning dental
diseases. 

· From seeds oil is
produced which is used for  

medicinal purpose. 

· To cure skin diseases
leaves are applied on  

the skin. 

· Leaves are used in the
tea to increase  

immunity. 

INDIAN ALMOND TREE 

  Class : Dicotyledonae 

Order : Myrtales 

Family : Combretaceae 

Genus : Terminalia
 

Species : Terminalia catappa (L.) 

Common Name:
Kaadu baadaami, Indian Almond. 

Botanical Name: Terminalia catappa (L.) 

Family: Combretaceae 

  Parts
Used: Bark, leaves, roots and fruits. 

Description 

Habit:
The tree is monoecious, 

Stem:
Hard & woody, erect. 

Leaves:
Alternate, reticulate venation,
petiolate, simple, exstipulate, obovate with glands at the base of lamina. 

Inflorescence:
Spike, two types of flowers 

v Male
flowers towards apex 

v Bisexual
flowers towards the base of rachis (stalk of inflorescence) 

  Flower:
Actinomorphic, bisexual, bracteate,
sessile, incomplete, ebractiolate, epigynous, apetalous. Male flowers are
pedicillate. 

Calyx: Sepals
five, gamosepalous, valvate aestivation, corolla is absent. 

Androecium:
Stamens 10, arranged in two whorls of five each, inner alternates with sepals,
outer opposite to petal, disc is present. 

Gynoecium: monocarpellary,
unilocular, inferior ovary with single ovule on pendulous placentation. 

  Fruit:
Fruit is drupe. 

Flowering
season: February to May 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds 

Harvesting:
harvested in mid to late August. 

Uses: 

· Oil is extracted from
the almond which is used in making hair shampoo. 

· The seeds are edible. 

· Wood is used as
firewood. 

· The leaves are added to
the aquarium as they lower the pH of water. 

DRUMSTICK TREE 

  Class:
Magnoliopsida 

Order:
Brassicales 

Family:
Moringaceae 

Genus:
Moringa 

Species:
Moringa
oleifera Lam. 

Common
Name: Drumstick tree, moringa 

Botanical
Name: Moringa
oleifera Lam. 

Family:
Moringaceae 

Parts
Used: Seeds, flowers, leaves and stem. 

Description 

Habit:
Small or medium sized tree. 

  Mostly cultivated in Asian and African countries 

Leaves:
Alternate, tripinnately compound with
each pinnate bearing 4-6 pairs of leaflets, elliptical to obovate. 

Inflorescence:
Spreading panicles bearing many fragment
flowers. 

Flower:
Pentamerous, zygomorphic with bisexual,
fragrant, pedicillate, protandrous. 

Calyx:
- Sepals-5,
green 

Corolla:
- Petal-5,
unequal sized, tiny, veined, yellowish white in colour. 

  Androecium:
- Stamens are
surrounded by petals, stamens-5, unequal sized, alternating with staminodes. 

Gynoecium:
Unilocular,
three carpelled ovary, containing many ovules on parietal placentation,
superior ovary, truncate stigma. 

Fruit:
Three sided
capsule, long, green when young later turns brownish, winged seeds. 

Flowering
season: January-April 

Fruiting
season: March to April, sometimes twice a year
i.e., July to September 

Mode
of propagation: From seeds or cuttings. 

  Harvesting:
Harvesting is done manually with knives, sickles and stabs with hooks attached. 

Uses: 

Ø The
pods are edible and mainly used in preparation of “sambar”. 

Ø The
leaves are boiled and eaten. 

Ø The
dried leaves are also used in making  

 tea. 

Ø Drumstick
flowers are added to vegetable  

 dishes. 

Ø The
whole tree is rich in medicinal  

 property, hence used in making
medicines. 

  

BILVA TREE 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Class :
Magnoliopsida 

Order :
Sapindales 

Family :
Rutaceae 

Genus :
Aegle 

Species :
Aegle
marmelos (L.) Correa 

  

Common Name:
Bilva, Sriphal, Shivadrima, Bel, Bael 

Botanical Name: Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa 

Family: Rutaceae 

Parts Used: Leaves,
roots, fruits, seeds. 

  

Description 

Habit: Thorny deciduous
tree, highly adopted to adverse soil and climate condition. 

Found
in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. It is a rare species of trees found
in India and Southeast Asia. 

Leaves: Trifoliate,
alternate, petiolate, exstipulate, lanceolate, ovate leaves. Young leaves pale
green or pinkish where as mature leaves are dark green in colour. 

Inflorescence: - Axillary
raceme. 

Flower: Flowers
are bisexual with pale green to yellowish colour, bracteate, complete,
actinomorphic, hypogynous and pentamerous. 

Calyx: Sepals five,
gamosepalous, light green. 

Corolla: - Petals
five, imbricate aestivation, pale yellowfrom above and green from beneath,
polypetalous. 

Androecium: Many
stamens, short filaments and introse, short style anthers, basifixed. 

Gynoecium: Ovary
s slight green, capitate stigma, terminal style, axile placentation. 

Fruit: Amphisaraca,
yellowish green, presence of small dots on outer surface, woody round, numerous
seeds. 

Special feature of part used: Leaves,
roots and fruits are used to make medicines. 

Flowering season: May 

Fruiting season: 11-12
months after flowering. 

Mode of propagation: Seeds,
saplings. 

Harvesting: Harvested
2-3 months before fully matured and ripened artificially in 18-24 days. 

Uses:   

• The
      leaves are used as offering Lord Shiva. 
• The
      oil is extracted from the pulp of unripened fruit which is used to cure
      the burning sensation in the soles. 
• Sweet
      drink is also prepared from the pulp of the fruits. 
• The
      decoction of roots and bark is used to cure fever. 
• The
      fruits are edible. 
• The
      fruits are also used in making jams. 
• The
      wood is used for construction purpose, building house, handles of tool
      etc,. 

  

  

  

  

  

Pride of India 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Class :
Dicotyledons 

Order :
Myrtales 

Family :
Lythraceae 

Genus :
Lagerstroemia 

Species :
Lagerstroemia
speciosa (L.) Pers 

  

Common Name: Pride
if India, Queen crape myrtle (English),Jarul (Hindi), Maruvachalmara. 

Botanical Name: Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers 

Family: Lythraceae 

Parts Used: Leaves,
flowers, bark. 

  

Description 

Habit: It is a
deciduous tree, found in India, Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia. 

Leaves: Leaves
are simple, opposite, ovate-oblong, leathery. 

Inflorescence: Panicle
type of inflorescence. 

Flower: Flowers
are bisexual, actinomorphic, complete, pedicellate. 

Calyx: Sepals 6, lobed,
bell shaped. 

Corolla: Petals
6, wrinkled, clawed, white to pink or purple. 

Androecium: Stamens
many, present in several rows, purple color. 

Gynoecium: Ovary
is superior, many ovules in each locule, sessile with axile placentation, long
bent style, capitate stigma. 

Fruit: Fruit is a simple,
large woody capsule. 

Flowering season: April
to July. 

Mode of propagation: Through
seeds, stem cuttings. 

Harvesting: July
to October. 

Uses:  

• The
      tree is ornamental. 
• The
      leaves s well as the flowers are edible. 
• The
      leaves are used in making herbal tea which is used as a remedy for
      diabetes.  
• The
      flowers are used in garnishing dishes, salads, making desserts, drinks
      etc. 
• The
      wood is used in construction purpose. 
• Wood
      is also used as fuel. 

PEEPAL TREE 

  

Class :
Magnoliopsida 

Order :
Rosales 

Family :
Moraceae 

Genus :
Ficus 

Species :
Ficus
religiosa 

  

Common Name: Bodhi
tree, Pippala tree, Buddha tree, Peepal, Sacred Fig (English). 

Botanical Name: Ficus religiosa 

Family: Moraceae 

Parts Used: Root,
shoot, stem bark, leaves and fruits. 

  

Description 

Habit: Large glabrous
tree. Found in India and hot & humid weather. 

Leaves: Alternate,
spirally arranged with elliptic obovate, stipulate, petiolate, medium sized
heart shaped leaves. 

Inflorescence: Hypanthodium. 

Flower: Flowers
are sessile, unisexual, both male and female flowers are present on same plant,
actinomorphic, bracteate, bracteolate, incomplete, hypogynous. 

Perianth: Tapels
four, present in two whorls. 

Androecium (Male flower): Stamens
4-5, opposite to the perianth. 

Gynoecium (Female flower): ovary
is superior, apocarpous with basal placentation, two carpels. 

Fruit: Fruit is a small
fig. Green color turns to purple when ripened. 

Special feature of part used: Peepal
tree is used in Ayurvedic medicines for very long time. 

Flowering season: March
to April. 

Mode of propagation: Through
seeds. 

Harvesting: Fruits
are ripened in rainy season. 

Uses:  

• Peepal
      tree highly medicinal property, since ancient time it is used to treat
      many diseases. 
• According
      to sanathana dharma peepal tree is worshiped, as goddess Lakshmi and Lord
      Vishnu residue in the peepal tree. 
• Fresh
      twig or roots of peepal tree used as toothbrush. 
• Leaves
      of peepal tree are used to remove poison from the body from snake bite. 

  

  

  

CLUSTER FIG 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Class :
Magnoliopsida 

Order :
Rosales 

Family :
Moraceae 

Genus :
Ficus 

Species :
Ficus
racemose (L.) 

  

Common Name: Cluster
fig, Goolar (Hindi), Attimara (Kannada). 

Botanical Name: Ficus racemose (L.) 

Family: Moraceae 

Parts Used: Fruits,
leaves, shoot, roots. 

  

Description 

Habit: Deciduous tree.
Found in Asia and Africa. 

Leaves:  Simple, alternate, ovate, obovate,
elliptic-oblong with reticulate venation. 

Inflorescence: Hypanthodium. 

Flower: Unisexual,
pale yellow in color 

Fruit: Fleshy,
orange-red. 

Flowering season: November
to January 

Mode of propagation: Through
seeds and stem cuttings. 

Uses:  

• Cluster
      figs are edible. 
• The
      leaves are used as fodder for goats. 
• The
      wood is used for ‘havan’. 
• The
      unriped fruit is used in making pickles and soups. 
• The
      young leaves are used in vegetable dishes. 
• The
      roots contain water which can be used for drinking purpose. 
• Cluster
      fig is used in Ayurveda since ancient system of medicine in India. 
• Kashayam
      which is made from cluster fig bark other is good for care of mother after
      delivery. 
• Leaves
      are used to wash wound and ulcers.  

KOKUM  

  

  

  

  

Class :
Polypetalae 

Order :
Malighiales 

Family :
Clusiaceae 

Genus :
Garcinia 

Species :
Garcinia
indica Choisy 

  

Common Name: Kokum,
Bhinda(Konkani), . 

Botanical Name: Garcinia indica Choisy 

Family: Clusiaceae 

Parts Used: Fruits,
leaves, seeds, root bark. 

  

Description 

Habit: An evergreen,
monoecious tree, found in riversides and forestlands. 

Leaves: Leaves
are simple, opposite, decussate, elliptic, oblong, oblong-lanceolate with deep
green color. 

Inflorescence: Axillary
or solitary cyme. 

Flower: Flowers
are pentamerous or tetramerous, pseudobisexual, short pedicels. 

Calyx: Sepals 4 or 5
with imbricate aestivation. 

Corolla: Petals
4 or 5, alternating with sepals, imbricate aestivation. 

Androecium: Many
stamens, lobed, free, filaments short or may absent, anthers erect. 

Gynoecium: Superior
ovary, globular, short style, peltate stigma. 

Fruit: Fruit is a
fleshy berry. 

Special feature of part used: Kokum
fruits are more used for medicinal purpose. 

Flowering season: November
to February. 

Mode of propagation: Through
seeds. 

Harvesting: Fruits
are harvested during April and May. 

Uses: 

· Wood of kokum tree is
used for cooking food. 

· Kokum fruits are
edible. 

· Kokum fruits are used
to make juice, commonly known as kokum juice. 

· Kokum fruit is used as
souring agent in food items. 

· In Konkan area, the
fruit is mainly used in making ‘Kokum curry’. 

· Kokum fruits are used
medicinal purpose and in Ayurvedic treatment as it contains rich nutrients. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

SANDALWOOD TREE 

  

  

  

  

  

Class : Dicotyledonae 

Order : Santalales 

Family : Santalaceae 

Genus : Santalum 

Species : Santalum album (L.) 

  

 Common Name: - Indian sandalwood,
Shrigandhada mara, Chandana. 

 Botanical Name: - Santalum album (L.) 

Family:
- Santalaceae 

Parts
Used: - bark 

  

Description 

Habit:
- it is an evergreen tree. 

Most common in southern India. Karnataka
is known as land of sandalwood. 

Leaves:
- pinnately compound leaves with
reticulate venation, opposite with ovate or ovate elliptical leaves. 

Inflorescence:
- Panicled cyme 

Flower:
- Small,
bracteate, pedicillate 

Perianth: Tepals-4, Campanulate 

Androecium:
- Stamens- 4 

Gynoecium:
one celled
ovary,4 ovules, single style, lobed stigma, epigynous. 

Fruit:
- Drupe, single
seeded 

Special
feature of part used: - 

Flowering
season: - It flowers
twice a year, March – April and September- October 

Fruiting
season: - 

Mode
of propagation: -  

Harvesting:
- 

Uses:
 

· The oil is extracted from the wood, which is used in perfume making. 

· It is also used in incense sticks. 

· The oil is also used in making soaps and cosmetics. 

· The paste is applied to the forehead by the devotees.  

  

  

JAMUN TREE 

  

  

  

  

  

  

Class :
Magnoliopsida 

Order :
Myrtales 

Family :
Myrtaceae 

Genus :
Syzygium 

Species :
Syzygium
cumini (L.) Skeels. 

  

Common Name: Indian
blackberry, Java plem, Jamun, Mahaphala. 

Botanical Name: Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. 

Family: Myrtaceae 

Parts Used: Fruits,
stem 

  

Description 

Habit: Tropical and
evergreen tree. Commonly found in India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka. 

Leaves: Leaves
are simple, opposite, reticulate venation, smooth and leathery. 

Inflorescence: Axillary
inflorescence. 

Flower: Small,
fragrant, bisexual, regular, hermaphrodite, complete, light yellow in color. 

Calyx: Sepals five,
free, gamosepalous, quincuncial aestivation. 

Corolla: Petals
five, quincuncial aestivation. 

Androecium: Stamens
indefinite, opposite to petals. 

Gynoecium: Syncarpous,
inferior ovary with axile placentation, style is simple, stigma capitate. 

Fruit: Fruit is a
berry. Green color turns to red or bluish black when ripened. 

Flowering season: March
to April. 

Mode of propagation: Through
seeds. 

Harvesting: Jamun
fruits ripened in June and July. 

Uses:  

• Jamun fruits are
      edible. 
• Fruits are used in
      making juice, jams, jellies, etc. 
• Fruit is also used
      in making beverages and vinegar. 
• Jamun fruits rich
      in medicinal property, hence Ayurveda suggests these fruits for treatment
      of various diseases. 
• Bark of jamun tree
      used as a medicine in Ayurvedic treatment. 
• Wood of jamun tree
      is used to make furniture like chair, sofa, table, etc.  

Areca nut: 

  
 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Classification: 

Class:
Monocotyledonae 

Order:
Arecales 

Family:
Arecaceae 

Genus:
Areca 

Species:A.catechu (L.) 

Common name: Areca nut, betal
nut, Indian nut (English), Adike (Kannada), Ataykka (Malayalam). 

Botanical name: Areca catechu (L.) 

Part used: Nut, Leaf, Tree 

Plant
description: 

Habit: Cultivated, perennial tree. 

Leaves: Leaves are pinnately compound, exstipulate, alternate, unicostate,
parallel venation 

Inflorescence: Compound spadix, flowers enclosed by top large boat shaped bract spathe
fat 

Flower: Sessile, bracteate,
actinomorphic, unisexual, incomplete hypogynous male flower occupy upper part
of peduncle small and produced in large number female flowers are few in number 

Calyx: Sepal 3, imbricate
aestivation. 

Perianth: Tepals 6, valvate or
imbricate aestivation 

Androecium: Stamens 6,
Dithecous 

Gynoecium: Tricarpellary,
syncarpous, superior ovary with single ovule 

Fruit:
Berry 

Flowering season: usually begin to
flower and fruit after 7 years from seed 

Mode of propagation: Only by seed 

Uses: 

• Nuts and leaves are edible. 

• Betel nut is commonly used for chewing. 

• Betel nuts are commonly used in poojas. 

• Betel nut powder is used for whitening
the tooth. 

• Betel nut powder is mixed with sesame
oil and applied on joints to get relief from joint pain. 

  

Banyan tree: 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Classification 

  

Class: Magnoliopsida 

Order: Rosales 

Family: Moraceae 

Genus: Ficus 

Species: Ficus benghalensis (L.) 1753 

  

  

  

Common
name: Banyan, Indian banyan (English), Vada ruk (Konkani),
Aalada mara (Kannada) 

Botanical
name: Ficus benghalensis (L.)
1753 

Part
used: Bark, leaves, root fibers, seed 

  

Plant
description 

  

Habit: A very large tree with aerial root 

Leaves: Ovate, obtuse, coriaceous, bud-scale stipules 

Inflorescence: Hypanthodium 

Flower: Male and female flowers are distinctly borne on tree 

Calyx: Sepals are four 

Corolla: petals are four 

Androecium: Stamens are one 

Gynoecium: Superior ovary 

Fruit: Syconus red, globose 

Special
features of part used: Bark is
useful in burning sensation. 

Flowering
season: November-January 

Mode
of propagation: By seeds 

Uses: 

· The paste of the prop roots are applied on hairs to
increase the growth of hairs. 

· Paper is manufactured from the bark of banyan tree. 

· The wood is used as firewood. 

· Earlier the village council were supposed to meet
under the shade of this tree 

· All parts of tree have medicinal value, hence used in
ethanomedicine. 

· In ancient times, roots were used to brush the teeth
as it strengthens teeth and gums. 

· The tree is worshipped all over India. 

  

Curry leaf tree: 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Classification  

  

  

Class: Magnoliopsida 

Order: Sapindales 

Family: Rutaceae 

Genus: Murraya 

Species: Murraya.koenigi (L.)
Sprengel 

  

Common name: Curry leaf (English), Kari
bevu (Kannada), Kari pata(Bangla), Metha neem (Hindi) 

Botanical name: Murraya koenigi (L.) Sprengel 

Part used: Leaves 

  

Plant description: 

Habit: Perennial small tree, growing
4-6m 

Leaves: Imparipinnately Compound
leaf, alternate, reticulate venation and teardrop-shaped 

Inflorescence: Cymose 

Flower: The flowers are small, white,
fragrant, about 1cm long, ebracteate 

Calyx: Five Lobed,persistent,inferior,green 

Corolla: Petals are
five,free,polypetalous 

Androecium:
Polyandrous,inferior,eith 10 stamens, dorsifixed,arranged into
circlesof five each 

Gynoecium: Superior ovary, Style
are short, stigma bright and sticky 

Fruit: Berry, sherical 

Flowering
season: April-May 

Mode of
propagation: Through seeds 

Uses: 

• It is used to add
flavour to curries, dal, soups etc. 

• The oil is extracted
from curry leaves, which reduces hair fall. 

• The curry leaf juice
is prepared and consumed which has various health benefits. 

• The twigs were used
as a datun (natural brush for cleaning teeth) in olden days. 

  

JACKFRUIT : 

  

  

  

  

  

Classification: 

  

Class: Magnoliopsida 

Order: Rosales 

Family: Moraceae 

Genus: Artocarpus 

Species: Artocarpous heterophyllus (Parkinson ex F.A.Zorn) Fosberg 

Common
name: Kathal (Hindi), Jackfruit
(English), Halasina mara (Kannada), Panas (Konkani) 

Botanical
name: Artocarpus heterophyllus (Parkinson ex F.A.Zorn) Fosberg 

Part used:
Fruit, Stem, Leaves 

  

Plant
description: 

Habit: A evergreen tree, monoecious 

Leaves: simple, reticulate venation and petiolate, entire margin, unicostate. 

Inflorescence:
Spadix  

Flower: Flowers are small, Male and
female flowers consists of a single stamen or ovary 

Perianth: Tepals are
four, free often persistent with fruit 

Androecium:
Stamens are four, equal to the number of
tepals 

Gynoecium:
There are two carpels syncarpous  

Fruit: Drupe 

Flowering
season: March – June 

Mode of
propagation: Through seeds 

Uses: 

· Jackfruit is edible and sweet in
taste. 

· Fruit is used in preparation of
snacks like chips.  

· The seeds are also edible and used
in various dishes. 

· Wood is used to make furniture and
musical instruments. 

· Wood is also as fuel. 

· Fruit is also used in preparation
of jam, jelly, ice cream. 

· Almost all the parts of jackfruit
tree have medicinal properties and used in traditional medicines.  

  

MACARANGA PELTATA Roxb. Mueller  

  

  

  

  

Classification 

  

Class:
Magnoliopsida 

Order:
Malpighiales 

Family:
Euphorbiaceae 

Genus:
Macaranga 

Species:
Macaranga peltate Roxb.
Mueller 

Common
name: Kanda in Srilanka, Chandada in India 

Botanical
name: Macaranga peltate Roxb. Mueller 

Part
used: Root, bark 

  

Plant
description: 

Habit:
Tree or shrubs 

Leaves:
Simple, alternate, spiral, unicostate,
entire margin, unicostate, apex acuminate 

Inflorescence:
Panicle 

Flower:
Unisexual, doecious, male flower:
cluster per bract, much branched, denced, panicles. female flower: few per bract, panicles simple
than males 

Perianth
in male: Tepals are three 

Perianth
in female: Tepals are four 

Androecium:
Stamens 2-8 

Gynoecium:
Superior ovary, ovule one in each cell 

Fruit:
Capsule 

Special
features of part used: Bark is used for making
pencils 

Flowering
season: January-February 

Mode
of propagation: By seeds 

Uses:  

• It
      is used to wrap jaggery. 
• It
      is used for making wooden pencils.  
• The
      wood is also used in plywood industry 
• The
      wood is used as fuel. 

Singapore cherry: 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Classification 

  

Class:
Dicotyledonae 

Order:
Malvales 

Family:
Muntingiaceae 

Genus:
Muntingia 

Species: M.calabura (L.) 

Common name: Buah cheri, Singapore cherry (English), Nei Panzan
(Tamil) 

Botanical name: Muntingia calabura (L.) 

Part used: Fruit 

  

Plant description 

  

Habit: Small
evergreen tree 

Leaves: Simple, ovate lanceolate, dark green and minutely
hairy on the upper side, asymmetric of leaf blade base, unicostate, reticulate
venation. 

Inflorescence:
Solitary cyme 

Flower: small white flowers, actinomorphic, bisexual,
complete 

Calyx:
Sepals are five, green 

Corolla: Petals are five, white 

Androecium: Numerous stamens 

Gynoecium: Superior ovary 

Fruit: Drupe,
red, juicy 

Special features of part used: The fruit of cherry is used as food and
medicine. 

Flowering season: Early as May in warm climates. 

Mode
of propagation: By seeds 

Uses:  

• The
      fruits are edible. 
• Fruits
      are used in making jams, 
• The
      wood is used as firewood. 
• Wood
      is also used in carpentry. 
• The
      bark is used in making ropes. 
• The
      leaves are used in making tea. 

  

Sitaphal  

  

  

  

  

  

Common
name: Custard apple (English),
sitaphal (Kannada), sitaphal (Hindi) 

Botanical
Name: Annona squamosa (L.) 

  

Classification 

  

Class  : Magnoliopsida 

Order  : Magnoliales 

Family  : Annonaceae 

Genus  : Annona
 

Species  :
Annona squamosa (L.) 

  

  

  

Family: Annonaceae 

Parts
used: Fruit, leaves  

Plant
description:  

Habit: Small
tree 

It is native to America. It is also grown in many
regions of India. 

Leaves: simple, alternate, wavy margin, petiolate,
unicostate, reticulate venation, exstipulate. 

Inflorescence: solitary cyme 

Flower: Bisexual,
bracteate, complete, trimerous, hypogynous flower 

Calyx: sepals
usually 3, free, valvate aestivation 

Corolla: petals 6,
arranged in two whorls of three each, valvate aestivation. 

Androecium: Stamens
many, spirally arranged around the gynoecium, adnate anthers, hooded anthers 

Gynoecium:
Many
carpels, free, oblong style, superior ovary, basal placentation  

Fruit: Eterio of
berry, fleshy 

Special
feature of the part used: Fruit is sweet & edible. Leaves
possesses many pharmacological importance. 

Flowering
season: throughout the year 

Mode of
propagation: through
seeds  

Uses: 

· Fruit is sweet & edible. 

· They are used to prepare ice creams. 

· The fruit is used in making tarts and
pies. 

· The decoction of leaves and bark is used
to treat diarrhea and dysentery. 

· The fruit is also used to make milkshakes,
salads etc. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

COCONUT 

  

    

  

  

    

  

  

    

  

   

  Classification: 

Kingdom : Plantae 

Class :- Monocotyledonae 

Sub-division :-  

Order  : Arecales 

Family : Arecaceae 

Subfamily : Arecoideae 

Genus  :
Cocos 

Species :
Cocos nucifera L 

  

Common name : Tengin-mara
(Kannada) , Nariyal (Hindi) . Nall(Konkani), Taare(Telugu),
Kalpavriksha(Sanskit). 

Botanical name :
Cocos nucifera 

Family   : Arecaceae 

Parts used : Wood 

  

Plant
description :  

Habit : Tree
( monocot) 

Leaves:
Multicostate , pinnately compound , parallel venation , crown of leaves are
present at the apex of the stem. 

Inflorescence :
Inflorescence is covered by a special structure called as spadix (spathe).  

Flower :
Bract is large, Monoecious, (both male and female flowers are present). 

Calyx :
Sepals 3 , distinct ,imbricate. 

Corolla :
Petals 3 , similar to sepals 

Androecium : Staminodes
forming a low ring. 

Gynoecium: Ovary
3- celled, tri ovulate, stigma 3, very short. 

Fruit : Fruit
is large, green or yellowish, smooth, shining, ellipsoidal to broadly ovoid,
mesocarp fibrous, endocarp woody, with 3 longitudinal ridges and 3 basal pores. 

Seed large , with a thin layer of homogenous
endosperm and a large central cavity filled with a sweetish fluid. 

Flowering season
:  

Mode of
propagation : Through seeds 

Harvesting :
Throughout the year. 

Uses : 

§ Extensively
cultivated for its wood fruit  

§ Wood
is used for building purposes. 

§ These
coir fibrous are used for ropes, nets etc.  

§ The
sap of the peduncle yields toddy. 

§ The
kernel of the fruit is edible and yields an edible oil. 

§ The
oil is used for cooking, skin and hair.  

  

  

FALSE ASOCA 

  

    

  

  

  

     

  

  

    

  

  

    

  

Classification
:- 

Kingdom
: Plantae 

Sub-division
: Angiospermae 

Class
: Dicotyledonae 

Order
: Ranales 

Family
: Annonaceae 

Genus
: Polyalthia 

Spicies
: Polyalthia
longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites 

  

Common
name : polyalthia longifolia or Buddha tree
(English), Ashoka(Sanskrit), debadaru(Assamese), debdaru(Bengali &hindi),
Asopalav(Gujarat), Ashok(Marathi), Nettilinkam(Tamil), ara namaran(Malayalum). 

Botanical
name: Polyalthia
longifolia (Sonn.)
Thwaites 

Family
: Annonaceae  

Part
used : Wood, trunk 

  

Plant
description : 

Habit
: Columnar evergreen tree 

Leaves
: Leaves are simple, alternate,
Lanceolate and have wavy edges. 

Inflorescence:
Cymose cluster 

Flower
: Star like, pale green 

Calyx
: Calyx with 3 ovate-triangular sepals. 

Corolla
: Corolla with 6 petals arranged in two
series of 3. 

Androecium
: Numerous stamens, about 1mm long 

Gynoecium
: Gynoecium formed by 20-25free
monolocular carpels, 1-2 mm long and sessile stigma. 

Fruit
: Fruit is born in clusters of 10-20
separated monocarps. 

 Flowering season :
Usually 2-3 weeks. 

Mode
of propagation : Through seeds. 

Harvesting
: Throughout the year 

 Uses : 

§ It
is an avenue tree. 

§ Trunks
are used for ship mats. 

§ The
leaves are used in decoration during Festivals. 

§ Its
wood is used for manufacturing the small articles, pencils, boxes, matchsticks
etc. 

§ It
gives plenty of shade. 

§ Bark
and leaves are used in the traditional medicine and in laboratory studies. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

TORING FRUIT (C. maxima) 

  

    

  

   

  

  

     

    

  

Classification :  

Kingdom : Plantae 

Sub-division : Angiospermae 

Class : Dicotyledoneae 

Order : Sapindales 

Family
: Rutaceae 

Genus : Citrus 

Species : Citrus grandis Merr. 

Common name : Chakota,
Sakkare kanchu(Kannada), Toring(Konkani) 

Botanical name : Citris grandis Merr. 

Family : Rutaceae 

Part used : Wood, bark 

Plant description : 

Habit: A medium
sized tree, young branchlets pubescent. 

Leaves: Leaves are
ovate to elliptic. Obtusely acute apex, petiole 2-3cm long, broadly winged. 

Inflorescence: Solitary cyme 

Flower: Flowers
large, white, fragrant, petals are 5. 

Androecium : Stamens
20-25.  

Gynoecium : Ovary
large, globose. 

Fruit : Fruit
large, subglobose to pyriform, pericarp yellowish, smooth; segments large,
pinkish; juice sweet or sour. 

Flowering season : May 

Mode of propagation : Through seeds 

Harvesting : 5-6 months 

Uses : 

§ Fruits are also made into jams. 

§ The fruits are used as souring agent in various dishes. 

§ Flowers are used to make perfumes. 

§ It can aid digestion and help us feel full for a longer period of
time after eating.  

§ It is also used in medicinal purposes.  

  

RITE(SOAP NUT) 

      

  

    

  

  

  

Classification
: 

  

Kingdom
: Plantae 

Sub-division
:- Angiospermae 

Class
:-  

Order
:- Sapindales 

Family
:- Sapindaceae 

Genus
:- Sapindus 

Species
: - Sapindus trifoliatus L. 

  

Common
name : Rite (Konkani), Antuvaaladakai(Kannada), Soapnut tree(English),
Norekkai(Tul). 

  

Botanical
name : Sapinduas
trifoliatus L. 

Family
:- Sapindaceae 

  

Parts
used : Fruit, 

  

Plant
description : 

Habit
: A medium-sized tree. 

Leaves
: Leaves
up to 30cm long; leaflets 2-4 pairs, elliptic
lanceolate, acuminate at apex, almost glabrous. 

Inflorescence
:  

Flower
: Flowers in terminal pubescent panicles. 

Calyx
: Sepals elliptic, obtuse. 

Corolla
: Petals brown outside, white-villous on both sides. 

Androecium
: Disc concave, with a raised fleshy hirsute edges. 

Gynoecium
: Ovary 3-lobed,ferruginous-tomentose. 

Fruit
: Fruit
up to 3-5 cm across, consisting
of 2-3 fleshy combined drupes. 

Flowering
season : October to December. 

Mode
of propagation : Through seeds. 

Harvesting
: January to April. 

Uses
: 

§ Fruits are used as substitute for soap. 

§ It is used in making soap and shampoo. 

§ It is used in washing clothes. 

§ It is used in cleaning and shining ornaments. 

§ The wood is used for fire wood. 

  

TAIPHAL 

  

    

  

    

  

    

    

Classification : 

Kingdom
: Plantae 

Sub-division
:- Angiospermae 

Class
:- Dicotyledonae 

Order
:- Sapindales 

Family
:- Rutaceae 

Genus
: Zanthoxylum 

Species
: Zanthoxylum
rhetsa Roxb. 

  

Common
name : Gaamate mara, Aramaadala(Kannada), Petnoli kaayi; Kaavate(Tul.)
Taiphal(Konkani). 

  

Botanical
name : Zanthoxylum rhetsa Roxb. 

  

Part
used : Stem , Fruit 

  

Plant
description : 

Habit
: A large tree; bark corky with large prickles. 

Leaves
: Leaves are pinnate, green, leaflets 5-7, membranous, opposite,
ovate to elliptic, base very oblique, acuminate at apex, entire or
crenate-serrate. 

Flower
: Flowers in large terminal paniculate cymes, pentamerous, yellowish
petals. 

Fruit
: Globose, rugose. Seeds globose, bluish-black, smooth. 

Flowering
season : June to July. 

Mode
of propagation : Through seeds. 

Uses
: 

§ Fruits are used as condiment. 

§ Woods used for furniture
and house building, but not very durable. 

§ It is used in preparation of curry. 

§ Traditionally it was used as medicine to treat malaria, diarrhea
etc. 

§ It is used in extraction of secondary metabolite. 

  

  

RUBBER TREE 

  

    

  

   

  

    

  

Classification
: 

Kingdom
: Plantae  

Sub-division
:- Angiospermae 

Class
:- Dicotyledonae 

Order
:- Malpighiales 

Family
:- Euphorbiaceae 

Genus
: Ficus 

Spices
: Ficus
elastica Roxb 

Common
name:- Indian rubber fig tree(English). 

Botanical name:- F. elastica Roxb  

Part
used:- Milky latex, bark. 

Plant
description:- 

Habit:-
A large evergreen tree with aerial roots. 

Leaves:- Simple, reticulate
venation, petiolate elliptic, acuminate at apex, base rounded or
narrowed, thick, lateral veins numerous, midrib thick stipule very large. 

Inflorescence:-
Hypanthodium 

Flowers:-
Small, green, non fragrant. Three types of flowers are present – Male, female, neutral. 

Fruit:-
Small fruit, 3-4 seeds are present in each fruit. 

Flowering
season:- during Summer 

Mode
of propagation:- Through stem cutting 

Uses:- 

§ Milky latex is used in the preparation of tire and erasers. 

§ Milky latex is used in the preparation of waterproof cloths and
rubber gloves. 

§ It used in the making toys.  

§ Rubber wood is used in making furniture.  

§ Rubber wood is used in making wood based panels. 

  

  

CAESALPINIA PULCHERIMA (L.) Sw 

  

    

  

    

  

   

  

Classification 

Kingdom:-
Plantae 

Sub-division:
Angiospermae 

Class:
dicotyledonae 

Order: Fabales 

Family:
Fabaceae 

Genus: Caesalpinia  

Species: Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. 

  

Common
name: Rathnagandhi; Meese hoovu(Kannada), Five O’ clock, Peacock
flower(English). 

Botanical
name: Caesalpinia
pulcherrima (L.) Sw. 

  

Part
used: Leaves, flowers, bark and seeds 

  

Plant
description: 

Habit:
It is huge tree with an umbrella shaped
crown. 

Leaves: pinnate 6-12 pairs; leaflets 5-15 pairs per pinna, oblong
elliptic. 

Inflorescence:
Corymb 

Flowers:
Zygomorphic, pink, orange or yellow in
colour 

Calyx: Sepals-5, free, sepals are anterior, imbricate aestivation,
Green, sometimes yellow or white or leafy. 

Corolla: Petals-5, imbricate aestivation, subequal, scarlet, red and
yellow or . 

Androecium: Stamens-10, free, reddish or yellow. 

Gynoecium: Monocarpellary, superior ovary or slightly inferior, unilocular
with marginal placentation, style long, stigma simple. obliquely oblong,
compressed, glabrous, 8-10 seeded. 

Fruit:
Pod, legume and never breaks up
into one seeded parts. 

Flowering
season: More or less throughout the year. 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds and stem cuttings 

Uses: 

§ It is an avenue tree. 

§ It is an ornamental tree. 

§ The wood is used as fuel. 

  

  

  

  

C. equisetifolia L. ( SURI RUK ) 

  

  

  

  

    

    

  

    

  

    

Classification 

Kingdom:- Plantae 

Sub-division : Gymnospermae 

Class : Dicotyledonae 

Order: Fagales  

Family:- Casuarinaceae 

Genus:- Casuarina  

Species:- Casuarina
equisetifolia (L) 

  

Common name:- Casuarina
or Beef wood (English), Gaali-mara, Sarvae mara(Kannada). 

Botanical name:- Casuarina equisetifolia 

  

Part used:- Stem 

  

Plant description:- 

Habit: It is
a large tree, The plant body is
differentiated into root, stem and leaves. 

Leaves: Leaves
reduced to subulate scales, green, about 6-8 per whorl, connate at base to form
short sheaths at nodes. 

Flowers: Unisexual, apetalous, presence of numerous
carpels 

Fruit: Fruits are
tiny shaped, winged nutlets, that each contain one seed. The fruits are
contained in woody, cone-like structure. 

There are
two types of cones 

Male and
female cone 

Male cone:-
Male cones are born on lateral branches of unlimited growth, produced in
clusters. 

Female
cone:- Female cones are borne terminally on branches of unlimited growth,
produced singly and appears after every three year. 

Male and
female cones are not formed on one and the same branch. 

  

Flowering season: September-March 

Mode of propagation: Through
seeds or stem cutting 

Uses: 

§ Wood is used for fuel. 

§ The wood is used for fencing. 

§ It is used in agroforestry. 

§ The tree bark I used in preparation of medicine. 

§ The powdered bark is used to treat pimples. 

§ The branches are used as a diuretic. 

§ The wood is used for boat building, furniture etc. 

PAARIJATA     

  

    

    

  

    

    

  

Classification 

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Sub-division :- Angiospermae 

Class :- Dicotyledonae 

Order:-Lamiales 

Family:-Oleaceae 

Genus:- Nyctanthes 

Species:- Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (L.) 

  

Common
name: Harsinghar
(Hindi), Parijata (Sanskrit), Night jasmine (English). 

Botanical name: Nyctanthes arbortristis (L.) 

  

Part used:-Leaves,
reticulate, alternate venation, green, entire margin, 

  

Plant
description:- 

Habit: It is
a terrestrial, woody, perennial tree. 

Leaves: Leaves
re decussately opposite, ovate, acute at apex, margin entire. 

Inflorescence: Cymes 

Flowers: Flowers
in axillary or terminal, bracteates, cymes consisting of 2-7 flowered corymbes,
with quadrangular, slender peduncle & sessile, pedicellate, aromatic.  

Calyx:
Sepals 8, ovoid, orange to red with
white and spreadings, companulate. 

Corolla: Petals
5-8, imbricate, corolla with a cylindrical orange tube, white lobes, salver shaped. 

Androecium: Stamens
2, anthers 2,  

Gynoecium: Ovary
2 celled with one ovule in each cell, stigma bifid. 

Fruit: The
fruit is flat brown heart-shaped to round, capsule, with 2 sections 3 each
containing single seed. Seeds are erect, flattened. 

Flowering
seasons: September
- December 

Mode of
propagation: Through stem cutting, seeds 

  

Uses: 

§ The
plant is used in traditional medicines for the treatment of various diseases. 

§ The
plant is used in various infectious and non-infectious diseases. 

§ It
also helps in the treatment of arthritis. 

§ The
leaves can be used to treat ringworm and other skin diseases. 

§ Parijata
oil also help to reduce bone and joint pain.  

§ It
also helps to control hair fall and promote hair growth. 

§ It is
also used as laxative, in rheumatism, skin ailments and as a sedative. 

§ The
plant is also used during cough and cold. 

  

STERCULARIA URENS Roxb. 

    

  

    

  

Classification  

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Sub-division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order: Malvales 

Family: Malvaceae 

Genus: Stercularia 

Species: Stercularia
urens Roxb. 

Common name: Bhutya
(Marathi), Kulu, Indian tragacanth, gum karaya, Katira,Sterculia gum or Kateera
gum. 

Botanical name:- Stercularia urens Roxb. 

Family:- Malvaceae 

Part used:- Stem 

Plant description: 

Habit:a A small
medium sized deciduous tree, with pale yellow colored trunk. 

Leaves: Simple,
alternate, hairy beneath and 3-5 palmate leaves, stipules free, lateral, long
petiole, margin entire, palmate,  

Flowers: Polygamous,
greenish yellow, in axillary panicles,  

Calyx: Calyx
yellow, Campanulate, hairy on both surfaces, lobes 5,  

Corolla: petals
absent. 

Androecium: Male and
Bisexual flowers, carpels 5, usually 5, free, superior, style short, thick,
hairy. 

Gynoecium: Stigma 5,
oblong.  

Fruit: Fruit an
aggregate of 4-6 follicles, red. 

Flowering seasons: January-
April 

Mode of propagation: Through
seeds 

Uses: 

· It used as
laxative. 

· The gums
are used as a thickener in cosmetics and medications. 

· It is used
in the preparation of beverages and foods. 

· The seeds
are roasted and eaten. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

 VEDU RUK 

       

     

       

Classification  

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Sub-division :- Angiospermae 

Class :- Dicotyledonae 

Order:- Gentianales 

Family:- Rubiaceae 

Genus:- Haldina  

Species:- Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale 

Common name:- Vedu ruk
(Konkani), Yattega (Kannada), Haldu,
Kadam, Kadamba (Hindi) 

Botanical name:- Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale 

Family:- Rubiaceae 

Part used:- Stem, roots 

Plant description:-  

Habit:- It is a
deciduous tree. 

Leaves:- Simple,
Opposite decussate, stipulate, intrapetiolar, obovate, long petiole, ovate,
margin entire, pinnate. 

Inflorescence:- Hypanthodium 

Flowers:- Bisexual,
yellow, bracteolate. 

Calyx:-  Sepals 5, Cupular 

Corolla:- Petals 5,
hairy. 

Androecium:- Stamens 5,
oblong. 

Gynoecium:- Ovary 2
celled, epigynous, pendulous placentation, filiform style, globose stigma. 

Fruit:- Capsule 

Flowering seasons:- December-
March 

Mode of propagation:- Through seeds 

Uses:- 

· Wood is
used as fire wood. 

· It is used
in ayurvedic medicine to treat wound, vomiting, indigestion. 

· It is used
for construction purpose. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

BAUHINIA PURPUREA (L.)       

  

Classification  

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Sub-division :- Angiospermae 

Class :- Dicotyledonae 

Order:- Fabales 

Family:- Fabaceae 

Genus:- Bauhinia
 

Species:- Bauhinia purpurea (L.) 

Common name:-  Orchid tree, Purple bauhinia, camel`s foot,
butterfly tree and Hawaiian orchid tree. 

Botanical name:- Bauhinia purpurea (L.) 

Family:- Fabaceae 

Part used:- Stem, leaves, flowers 

Plant description:- 

Habit:- It is a
small to medium sized deciduous tall tree. 

Leaves:- Leaves are
long, broad, rounded, bilobed at the base and apex, Unicostate,, bifoliate,
alternate, petiolate, reticulate, entire margin, vexillary aestivation. 

Inflorescence:- Raceme 

Flowers:- Flowers are
zygomorphic, petals 5, pink, oblalceolate. 

Androecium:- Stamens
3-4, Yellow tipped. 

Gynoecium:- Stigma green and large, style long. 

Fruit:- Pod. 

Flowering seasons:- September
to November. 

Mode of propagation:- Through stem cutting. 

Uses:- 

· It is used
as a souring agent. 

· The leaves
are used to treat cough. 

· The bark is
used for glandular diseases. 

· The flowers
are used in pickles and curries. 

· The plant
is used to possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal,
anticancerous, and thyroid hormone regulating activity. 

  

LAXMANAPHALA 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Classification  

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Order:- Magnoliales 

Sub-division :- Angiospermae 

Class : Dicotyledonae 

Family:- Annonaceae 

Genus:- Annona 

Species:- Annona muricate L. 

Common name:- Hanumanaphala,
Mulluramaphala, Laxmanaphala (Kannada), Sour sop (English). 

Botanical name:- Annona muricate 

Part used:- Fruit 

  

Plant description:- 

Habit:- A small
tree, it belongs to custard family. 

Leaves:- Simple, green, reticulate
venation, wavy margin, Leaves are obovate, long petiole,  

Inflorescence:-  

Flowers:- Pedicillate,
bracteate, trimerous, hypogynous, bracteolate, complete, actinomorphic
bisexual. Flowers greenish yellow, short peduncle. 

Calyx:- Sepals 3,
valvate, polysepalous, thick, do not overlap, small. 

Corolla:- Petals 6,
arranged in two whorls of 3 each, polypetalous, pale green, with valvate
aestivation, outer petals long, yellow color, externally covered by hair,
almost as wide. Inner petals long, shortly clawed at base. 

Androecium:- Stamens
many, spirally arranged, short filament, adnate, anthers hooded, dithecous. 

Gynoecium:- Polycarpellary,
apocarpous, superior ovary, single ovule in each carpel on marginal
placentation, short style & stigma is simple. 

Fruit:- Fruit
large. Ovoid, often of irregular growth. Seeds blackish-brown. 

Flowering seasons:- June-August. 

Mode of propagation:- Through seeds 

Uses:- 

· The fruit
is edible. 

· The fruit
is used to make juice, ice-cream and smoothies. 

· It is used
in herbal medicine. 

  

  

DICHROSTACHYS 

        

  

    

  

Classification  

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Sub-division :- Angiospermae 

Class :- Dicotyledonae 

Order:- Fabales 

Family:- Fabaceae 

Genus:- Dichrostachys 

Species:- Dichrostachys cinerea Wight et Arn 

Common name:- Kalahari
chrismus tree, marabou-thorn pointed thorn bush, princess’s earrings (English),
Nellajammi (Telugu). 

Botanical name:- Dichrostachys cinerea Wight et Arn 

Part used:- Roots, Bark 

  

Plant description:- 

Habit:- A small
tree. 

Leaves:- Bipinnately compound leaves, 

Inflorescence:- Spikes 

Flowers:- Bicolored
cylindrical spikes that resembles Chinese lanterns upper flowers of a hanging
spikes are sterile and are of a lilac or pale purple. 

Fruit:- Pod, brown
color, genetically twisted or spiraled. 

Flowering seasons:- October-February 

Mode of propagation:-  through seeds and stem cutting 

Uses:- 

· It is often
used for fuel wood. 

· Often used
in domestic items such as walking sticks, handles, tool handles etc. 

· The bark is
used in traditional medicine for headache, elephantiasis etc. 

· Root
infusions are used for coughs. 

· Leaves are
used for diuretic and laxative. 

· The plants are
often used as fertilizer. 

· The plants
are widely used for soil conservation. 

  

T. TOMENTOSA (Terminalia elliptica) 

               

              

  

       

  

    

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Classification  

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Sub-division : Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order: Myrtales  

Family: Combretaceae 

Genus: Terminalia 

Species: Terminalia elliptica Willd. 

  

Common name: Matti
(Kannada), Marutham (Tamil), Ain (Marathi),  

  

Botanical name: Terminalia elliptica Willd. 

  

Part used: Stem 

  

Plant description: 

Habit:- It is a
tall tree, the bark is free resistant. 

Leaves:- Simple,
petiolate, alternate, reticulate venation, entire margin, long,  

Inflorescence:-  Terminal and axillary paniculate
spikes 

Flowers:- Bisexual, dull flowers,petals are absent  

Fruit: The fruit
is drupe, ovoid, with five wings not extending beyond the fruit apex. 

  

Flowering seasons: April to May 

Mode of propagation: through seeds 

Uses:- 

· The wood is
used for making furniture, cabinetwork, boat building, rail road cross-ties,
decorative veneers and for musical instruments. 

· The leaves
are used as food by silkworms. 

· The bark is
used in medicinally against diarrhoea. 

· The fruits
are used during festivals like Ganesh chaturthi 

  

DYPSIS LUTESCENS (H.Wendl.) Beentje & J.Dransf 

  

    

    

  

   

  

Classification  

Kingdom: Plantae 

Sub-division: Angiospermae 

Class: Monocotyledonae 

Order: Arecales 

Family: Arecaceae 

Genus: Dypsis 

Species: Dypsis
lutescens (H.Wendl.)
Beentje & J. Dransf 

  

Common name: Butterfly
palm (English) 

  

Botanical name: Dypsis lutescens (H.Wendl.) Beentje & J. Dransf 

  

Part used:- Stem 

  

Plant description: 

Habit: It is unbranched tree whose stem is woody and cylindrical with
permanent leaf scars. 

Leaves: Leaves are
pinnate, parallel venation 

Inflorescence: Compound spadix  

Flowers: Yellow
flowers, actinomorphic, unisexual, sessile, hypogynous. 

Male flowers: Perianth: tepals-6, arranged in two whorls of three each.  

Androecium: Stamens- 6 arranged in two whorls 

Female flowers: Perianth: tepals-6, arranged in two
whorls of three each. 

Gynoecium: tricarpellary, trilocular, superior, syncarpous ovary, stigma three
lobed. 

Fruit:yellow, oval, oblong 

  

Flowering seasons: Late spring and early summer 

Mode of propagation: Through
seeds 

Uses: 

· It is used
in cleaner air. 

· It is an
ornamental tree. 

· The plant
is also used in the treatment of Gastro Intestinal disorders. 

· The plant
is also useful in the treatment of skin diseases and enhance beauty. 

  

FICUS AURICULATA 

   

  

   

  

  

   

  

Classification  

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Sub-division :- Angiospermae 

Class :- Dicotyledonae 

Order:- Rosales 

Family:- Moraceae 

Genus:- Ficus 

Species:- Ficus
auriculata Lour 

Common name:- Anjoor(Kannada),
 

Botanical name:- Ficus auriculata Lour 

  

Part used:- Stem 

  

Plant description: 

Habit: It is a
small tree, with numerous branches. Dioecious, with male and female flowers are
produced on the separate individuals 

Leaves: The leaves
are big and round, acute apex, petiolate, exstipulate 

Inflorescence: Hypanthodium 

Flowers: Unisexual,
dioecious, numerous tiny flowers are present on the inner wall of receptacle.  

Androecium: stamens are very small  

Gynoecium: single ovary, ovoid 

Fruit: Sweet, pears shaped to spherical, small, numerous seeds, 

Flowering seasons: March to April 

Mode of propagation: Through
seeds 

  

Uses: 

· The fruits
are edible. 

· The fruits
can be eaten raw and even used in making curry, jam etc. 

· The stem
bark is used in the form of juice to treat diarrhoea, dysentery, cuts and
wounds. 

Terminalia peniculata Roth 

  

  

   

  

    

  

     

  

Classification
 

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Sub-division:-
Angiospermae 

Class
:-Dicotyledonae 

Order:-Myrtales 

Family:-
Combretaceae 

Genus:-
Terminalia 

Species:-
Terminalia
peniculata  Roth 

  

Common
name:- Killa ruk ( Konkani ), Mathi (Kannada), Maruva (Tulu), Marutu, pe
marutu, vern marutu (Malayalam), Pei kadukai, Marudu (Tamil), Nimori,
Pulamaddi, Putamanu (Telugu).  

  

Botanical
name:- Terminalia
peniculata Roth 

  

Part
used:- Stem 

  

Plant
description:- 

Habit:-
It is a deciduous tree with dark brown cracked bark, young parts
softly pubescent. 

Leaves:-
Leaves are subopposite or alternate, elliptic or
elliptic-oblong,rounded at base, acute at apex, with sessile glands at base
beneath. 

Inflorescence:- Compound panicle 

Flowers:- Flowers in slender spikes
forming compound panicles, bisexual, white. 

Calyx:-
Sepals 5, hairy within. 

Corolla:-
No petals. 

Androecium:-
Stamens 10 in 2 serious, filaments exerted. 

Gynoecium:-
Ovary inferior, 1 celled, densely hairy. 

Fruit:- A winged capsule, one large and two small wings brownish red. 

Flowering
seasons:- November - December 

Mode
of propagation:- Through seeds  

Uses:- 

· It is used as woods pale
brown, smooth, very hard, a useful building wood. 

· It is used in buildings for
doors and windows. 

· It is also used for
furniture, cabinet making, ship building, boats, carts, agricultural
implements, mine props, poles and ply wood etc. 

· The wood is used as a furl. 

· The bark and fruits are used
for dyeing. 

· The bark and fruit contain
tannin and are used for tanning. 

· The flowers are used in
opium poisoning.  

· The tree is commonly used in
traditional ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of inflammation of parotid
glands and in menstrual disorders.  

  

Vateria indica 

    

  

  

    

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Classification
 

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Sub-division
: Angiospermae 

Class
: Dicotyledoneae 

Order:-
Malvales 

Family:-
Dipterocarpaceae 

Genus:-
Vateria 

Species:-
Vateria
indica L. 

  

Common
name:- Bili davaru (Kannada), Indian copal tree, piney varnish tree,
white dammar (English), Chandrusa (Marathi), Tellaguggilmu (Telgu),
Sarjakah(Sanskrit), Dhupa maram (Tamil). 

  

Botanical
name:- Vateria
indica L. 

  

Part
used:- Bark, stem 

Plant
description:- 

Habit:-
It is a evergreen trees with cylindrical, straight boles, The bark
is smooth, grey with green and white blotches on the trunk and a cream colored
blaze. 

Leaves:-
Simple, alternate, and arranged in a spiral around the twigs, are
leathery, glabrous, elliptic-oblong, with a short pointed tip, rounded base,
and entire margin. The young leaf flush is a dark red or maroon, turning to
pinkish red and green as the leaf matures. The petioles are swollen at apex,
and nearly glabrous, with narrow lateral stipules fall off. parallel venation. 

Inflorescence:-
The
inflorescence appears in axillary panicles densely clothed in stellate hairs. 

Flowers:-
The flowers are white,
bisexual, large fragrant, pedicillate, persistant bract, sepals 5, petals 5 

Androecium:-
yellow anthers, with columnar style that protrudes beyond the
anthers. 

Gynoecium:-
The ovary is 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. 

Fruit:-
The fruit is 3-valved capsule, brown, and oblong or egg-shaped,
thick and hard pericarp. 

Flowering
seasons:- January to early May 

Mode
of propagation:- Through seeds 

Uses:-
 

· The wood is used for making
partitions, packing, coffins, boxes, floorings, cabinets, shuttle in the
textile industry, oars for sea going vessels, and match-splints etc. 

· The wood is also used for
railway sleepers. 

· It is used in the
manufacture of candles and soaps. 

· The bark and leaves are used
in ayurvedic and folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, diarrhea and
ulcers. 

· It is also used in
confectionery and cosmetics. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korht 

  

  

  

       

  

  

   

  

Classification
 

Kingdom:
Plantae 

Sub-division
: Angiospermae 

Class:
Dicotyledonae 

Order: Gentianales 

Family:
Rubiaceae 

Genus: Mitragyna 

Species:-Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. 

  

Common
name:- Juara mara (Kannada), 

  

Botanical
name:- Mitragyna
parvifolia 

  

Part
used:- Stem, fruit 

  

Plant
description:- 

Habit:-
The stem is erect and branching, 

Leaves:-
Leaves are Simple, petiolate, entire maginedark green in color, smooth,
rounded in shape, opposite in pattern. 

Inflorescence:-
terminal or axillary globose head 

Flowers:-
Flowers are yellow and grow in ball-shaped cluster, fragrant,
bisexual, creamy white, calyx is short, corolla is tube funnel shaped.  

Fruit:- small capsule in globose head, many seeded, flat 

Androecium:-
Stamens- 5, attached to the base of
corolla 

Gynoecium:-
inferior ovary, many ovules, filiform style,
2- celled ovary 

Flowering
and fruiting season: March
to August 

Mode
of propagation:- Through seeds 

Uses:- 

· The fresh leaf sap is used
by the treatment of jaundice. 

· Its leaves are used for
better healing from wounds and ulcers. 

· The stem bark is used in
treatment of biliousness and muscular pains. 

· The stem bark is also used
for rheumatic pain. 

· The bark and roots are used
to treat fever, muscular pain, burning sensation, poisoning, cough and edema
etc. 

· This species is also used as
a food plant.  

  

Dillenia pentagyna (Roxb.) 

  

       

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

       

  

  

Common
name:  Karamala ruk (Konkani),
Kadu-kanigala (Kannada), Aggai kallai (Hindi), Aksikiphal, punnaga (Sanskrit),
Karmal (Gujarati and Marathi), Rai (Oriya), Kodapunna (Malayalam), Ravudana
(Telugu) Kanigala (Tamil), Dog teak (English). 

  

Botanical
name: Dillenia
pentagyna (Roxb.) 

  

Classification
 

  

Kingdom:
Plantae 

Sub-division:
Angiospermae 

Class:
Dicotyledonae 

Order: Dilleniales  

Family:
Dilaniaceae 

Genus:
Dillenia 

Species:
Dillenia
pentagyna (Roxb.) 

  

Part
used: Stem 

  

Plant
description: 

Habit:
A deciduous tree, the bark is grayish and smooth, branches are
glabrous. 

Leaves:
Leaves are Simple, deciduous, petiolate, oblong to obovate-oblong,
alternate, reticulate venation, entire margin. 

Inflorescence:
Panicle 

Flowers:
Flowers appear before the leaves, yellow coloured petals,
bisexual, bracteate, sepals- 5,
petals -5, free stamens 

Fruit:
Aggregate of berries, globose, black ovoid seed, yellowish orange 

Flowering
seasons: April- May 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds 

Uses: 

· The fruit is edible. 

· Tree is used as a source of
fruit, traditional medicine, charcoal, and timber. 

· The bark is used to treat
headaches. 

· The timber is used to make
humidity resistant boards. 

· The bark and wood is used to
treat cold and fever. 

· The tree is used as a source
of medicine, fuel and food. 

· The plants are used in
ethnomedicine. 

· The fruits are consumed as
vegetables. 

  

  

QUEEN PALM (Syagrus romanzaffiana) 

  

   

  

  

  

  

Classification  

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Sub-division:- Angiospermae 

Class:- Monocotyledon 

Order:- Arecales   

Family:- Arecaceae 

Genus:- Syagrus 

Species:- Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman 

Common name:- Queen palm or cocos palm
(English) 

Botanical name:- Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman  

Part used:- Stem 

Plant description:- 

Habit:- It is a medium-sized palm. 

Leaves:- Leaves are pinnate, parallel
venation,  

Inflorescence:- Compound
spadix 

Flowers:- unisexual,
monoecous, sessile, white, presence of perianth, trimerous, 3 carpelled ovary 

Fruit:- Drupe,
single seeded, spherical to oblong, orange in colour 

Mode of propagation:- Through seed 

Uses:-  

· The fruits are edible. 

· It is much used in urban
landscaping. 

· The leaves and inflorescence
used to provide animal fodder. 

· The leaves are similarly
used in Argentina. 

· The palm trunk are often
used in construction. 

· The young buds are consumed
as vegetables. 

  

NEOLAMARCKIA CADAMBA 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Classification
 

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Sub-division:-
Angiospermae 

Class:-
Dicotyledonae 

Order:-
Gentianales  

Family:-
Rubiaceae 

Genus:-
Neolamarckia 

Species:- Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb) Bosser 

Common
name:- Burflower-tree, cadamba pine (English), 

Botanical
name:- Neolamarckia
cadamba (Roxb) Bosser 

Part
used:- Stem 

Plant
description:- 

Habit:-
It is an evergreen and tropical tree, it has a spreading crown and
drooping branches and grow rapidly. 

Leaves:-
Simple, alternate, reticulate venation, petiolate, large, oblong,
thick, dark, and shining.  

Flowers:-
Flowers are red to orange in color, occurring in dense, globular
head, sweetly fragrant. 

Androecium:
Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla tube, filament short, anthers
are basifixed 

Gynoecium:
Ovary is inferior, bilocular, style exerted, and spindle shaped
stigma. 

Fruit:
Fruit occur in small. Fruitlets
numerous with their upper parts containing hollow structures. 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds 

Uses: 

· It is an avenue tree. 

· The fruits and the
inflorescence are edible. 

· The fresh leaves are fed to
cattle. 

· The timber is used for
plywood, light construction, pulp, and paper, boxes and furniture. 

· It is easy to work, with
hand and machine tools. 

· The leaf extract has
recently used to produce silver nanoparticles for Raman spectroscopy. 

  

Kigelia pinnata (Lam.)Benth. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Classification
 

Kingdom:
Plantae 

Sub-division
: Angiospermae 

Class
: Dicotyledonae 

Order:
Lamiales 

Family:
Bignoniacae 

Genus:
Kigelia 

Species: Kigelia pinnata (Lam.)
Benth. 

  

Common
name: Sausage tree (English), Balmakhira (Hindi) 

Botanical
name: Kigelia pinnata (Lam.)
Benth. 

  

Part
used: Stem 

Plant
description: 

Habit:
it is semi deciduous, large tree. 

Leaves:
The leaves are opposite, long, pinnate. 

Inflorescence:
Panicle  

Flowers:
bell-shaped, orange to
maroon, zygomorphic, pollinated by bats,stamens - 4 

Fruit:
The fruit is woody berry, often hang on long peduncles, fruit pulp
is fibrous, contains many seeds. 

Flowering
seasons: August - November 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds 

Uses: 

· Fruits is consumed by
drying, roasting, or fermentation. 

· The timber is also obtained. 

· The extract of the bark,
flowers and fruits are used in skincare products  

· The dry fruits are used to
make alcoholic beverage. 

· The fruit is used in
dressing wounds. 

· It is an ornamental tree. 

  

Indian
putat  

  

     

    

  

    

  

  

   

  

  

  

Classification
 

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Sub-divission
:- Angiospermae 

Class
:- Dicotyledonae 

Order:- Ericales 

Family:-
Lecythidaceae 

Genus:-
Barringtonia 

Species:-
Barringtonia
acutangular (L.) Gaertn 

  

Common
name:- Indian putat, Fresh water mangrove, Red barringtonia (English),
Samundarphal(Hindi), mavinkumbia(Kannada), Tiwar(Marathi), Ambuja(Sanskrit). 

Botanical
name:- Barringtonia
acutangular (L.) Gaertn 

  

Part
used: Stem 

Plant
description: 

Habit:
It is a huge tree, deciduous tree. 

Leaves:
Simple, Alternate, 4-sided fruit, reticulate venation, unicostate,
entire margin, elliptic to obovate-oblong, leathery, short petiole. 

Inflorescence:
Pendulous raceme 

Flowers: Flowers are small,
red, showy, night blooming, pedicillate, Bract, bracteate, Sepals free. 

Androecium:
Anther and filament are red. 

Gynoecium:
Style red. 

Fruit:
Fruit is small, ovoid 

Flowering
seasons: June to August 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds 

Uses: 

· The leaves are edible 

· It is an ornamental tree. 

· Decoction of bark use to
treat skin infection 

· The wood is used as fire
wood. 

· The flowers are used as
offering to Lord Muruga. 

  

  

Careya arborea Roxb 

  

  

        

  

  

    

    

  

Classification
 

Kingdom:-Plantae 

Sub-division
:- Angiospermae 

Class
:- Dicotyledonae 

Order: Ericales 

Family: Lecythidaceae 

Genus:
Careya 

Species:
Careya
arborea Roxb 

Common
name: Kumbya ruk (Konkani), Alagavvele, daddal, koulu mara (Kannada),
Kumbhi (Hindi), Kumbha (Marathi), Girikarnika (Sanskrit), Karekku (Tamil),
Araya (Telugu). 

Botanical
name: Careya
arborea Roxb 

Part
used: Stem 

Plant
description: 

Habit:
It is a deciduous tree, 

Leaves:
The leaves are simple, petiolate, alternate, reticulate venation,
entire margin, stipulate. 

  

Inflorescence:
Raceme 

Flowers:
yellowish oe whitish in colour that
become large green berries.sepals are 4, persistent calyx, petals are 4 and
free. 

Androecium:
many stamens, connate at base. 

Gynoecium:
inferior, 4-5 locular with many ovules in 2 rows per cell, single style.  

Fruit:
Drupe 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds 

Uses: 

· The fruit is edible. 

· The bark is used for making
matches for matchlocks. 

· The leaves are used for
fermentation and preservation purpose. 

· The wood is used for fire
wood 

· The bark is used for making thread. 

  

Grewia asiatica L. 

   

  

   

  

Classification
 

Kingdom:Plantae 

Sub-division: Angiospermae 

Order:
Malvales 

Family:
Malvaceae 

Genus:
Grewia 

Species:
Grewia
asiatica L. 

Common
name:- Dabni ruk (Konkani), Dagala, Dadasala, Phulsha (Kannada), Phalsa,
Phalsa chhaal (Hindi), Sukri (Gujarati). 

Botanical
name:- Grewia
asiatica L. 

Part
used:- Stem, bark, leaves, fruit,
flower. 

  

Plant description:- 

  

Habit:-
It is a deciduous small tree. 

Leaves:-
Simple, green, reticulate venation, ovate, pedicillate,  

Inflorescence:-
Cyme 

Flowers:- Yellow or orange, penduncles
in axillary, bract, Sepals 5, large, Petals 5  

Fruit:
The fruit is dark purple, globose, drupe.  

Flowering
seasons:-January-February 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds 

Uses: 

· The fruit is edible. 

· The root is used as a
cooling agent. 

· The stem bark is used in the
preparation of sugar. 

· The bark is also used for making
ropes, baskets, and are harvested for fuel. 

· It is used in the
preparation of medicine such as joint pain. 

· It is also used in making
jams, pies etc. 

· The leaves are applied to
the skin for wounds, cuts and to relive painful rashes. 

· These are also used as
cattle fodder. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

   Acasia 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

   

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

   

  

  

  

Class  : Magnoliopsida 

Order  : Fabales 

Family  : Fabaceae 

Genus
: Acacia 

Species  : Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex
Benth. 

Common name: Babool tree (Hindi), Kari jaali (Kannada),
Gum Arabic tree (English) 

Botanical Name: Acacia
auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth. 

Family: Fabaceae 

Parts used: Bark, root, gum, leaves, pods, seeds 

Plant description:
 

Habit: Evergreen tree 

Native to tropical
and subtropical regions of the world 

Leaves: Alternate, stipulate, petiolate, compound, bipinnate
& paripinnate, sessile or subsessile, minute, unicostate reticulate
venation 

Inflorescence: Axillary cymose head 

Flower: Bracteate, sessile, complete, actinomorphic,
hypogynous 

Calyx: 4 to 5 sepals, gamosepalous, valvate aestivation,
minute in size 

Corolla: 4 or 5 petals, gamopetalous, tubular,
valvate aestivation, yellow colour. 

Androecium: Stamens, dithecous, basifixed, yellow
colour. 

Gynoecium: Monocarpellary, superior, unilocular,
ovules many, marginal placentation, shortly stalked ovary, style long, stigma
flat and minute 

Fruit: Legume, minutely hairy 

Special feature of the part used: Chewing small pieces of babool bark daily
strengthens the teeth and gums  

Flowering season: July to December 

Mode of propagation:Vegetative propagation 

Harvesting of Acacia: November to February 

Uses:  

• The wood is use for
      construction of house. 
• The wood is also used
      in making furniture. 
• It is an avenue tree. 

Bread fruit 

   
 

  

    

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Botanical Name: Artocarpus
altilis (Parkinson ex F.A.Zorn) Fosberg 

Common name: Bread fruit (English), Deevi halasu (kannada), bakri-chajhar (Hindi) 

Classification: 

Class  : Magnoliopsida 

Order  : Rosales 

Family
: Moraceae 

Genus  : Artocarpus  

Species  : Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson
ex F.A.Zorn) Fosberg 

  

Family: Moraceae 

Parts used: Fruit, leaves, seeds 

Plant description:
 

Habit: Evergreen tree 

It is native to
Indonesia and Philippines 

Leaves: simple, alternate, oval,  

Inflorescence: penicle 

Flower: inconspicuous flower,
calyx is tubular, small calyx with 2
to 4 scales, petals 4 

Androecium: stamens are inserted into the base of
calyx, two celled anthers 

Fruit: oblong or ovoid and has
rough surface 

Special feature of the part used: Fruit is eaten as food 

Flowering season: March 

Mode of propagation: seeds, root or shoot
cuttings or by air layering branches 

Harvesting of Bread fruit:  hot, rainy, summer months 

Uses:  

• The fruit is edible. 
• The fruit is used in
      vegetable dishes and also fried and eaten. 
• Fruit is cooked first then eaten  
• Wood is used in making furniture. 
• bark is sometimes used in making cloth 

  

  

  

  

  

  

Cinnamon 

  

  

 

  

    

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

    

  

  

    

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Class  : Magnoliopsida 

Order  : Laurales 

Family  : Lauraceae 

Genus  : Cinnamomun 

Species
: Cinnamomum verum J.Persl 

  

Common name: Cinnamon (English), daalcheenee aam
(Hindi), Dalchini (Kannada) 

Botanical Name: Cinnamomum
verum J.Persl 

Family: Lauraceae 

Parts used: bark, dried buds 

Plant description:
 

Habit: evergreen tree 

It is found in
India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar. 

Leaves: opposite, ovate to elliptic, elongated, young leaves
are red and mature are dark green in colour 

Inflorescence:  

Flower: bisexual greenish in color and have a distinct odour,
the flower buds are similar to clove in appearance 

Androecium: stamens 6, basifixed 

Gynoecium:syncarpous (superior ovary) 

Fruit:
drupe 

Special feature of the part used: bark is used in cooking to enhance the
flavor 

Flowering season: January 

Mode of propagation:
cutting or by air layering  

Harvesting of Cinnamon: any time (four to five years after planting) 

Uses:  

• It is used as a flavoring agent. 
• Chewing of cinnamon stick is good for health. 
• It is used in preparation of cookies and cakes. 
• Herbs and spices are used in the preparation of
      perfumes. 
• Also used in manufacture of toothpastes and
      soaps. 

  

Sago palm 

  

  

  

Class : Cycadopsida 

Order : Cycadales 

Family : Cycadaceae 

Genus : Cycas  

Species : C. circinalis L. 

  

Common
name: Sago Palm (English), Bettada madanmasti
( kannada) 

Botanical
Name: C.
circinalis L. 

Family:
Cycadaceae 

Parts
used: leaves 

Plant
description:
 

Habit:
Evergreen shrub. The plant body is
differentiated into underground root, aerial stem and crown of leaves. The stem is unbranched. 

It is found in southern regions of India 

Leaves:
pinnately compound, spiral, lanceolate, at the terminal region of the stem
group of leaves is present. The leaves are dimorphic i.e., two types of leaves
are present, foliage leaves and scale leaves. Foliage leaves are pinnately
compound, long, thick green. Scale leaves are small, simple, brown and
triangular in shape. The scale leaves cover the apex and young developing
foliage leaves. 

Cycas belongs to gymnosperm thus in
Cycas cones are present. Cycas is dioecious, male and female reproductive
structures are present on different trees. 

Male cones: These
are present terminally at the apex of the stem of male tree. These are shortly
stalked, oval or conical in shape. These are much smaller than female
cones.  

Female cones:  These are much smaller than male cones. These
are present at the apex of the female tree.  

Special
feature of the part used: the seeds are without the outer cover, known as “naked seeds” 

Mode
of propagation: through seeds 

Uses:
 

• Leaves
      are used in floriculture. 
• Mature
      leaves is sometime used in rituals 
• It
      is also used in floriculture industry 
• Leaves
      are also used in medicine  
• It
      is an ornamental tree. 

  

  

  

Guava 

   

   

Common name:
Perale hannu (kannada), Amrood phal (Hindi) 

Botanical Name:Psidium guajava L. 

  

Classification: 

Sub-division :  

Class : Mangoliopsida 

Order : Myrtales 

Family : Myrtaceae 

Genus : Psidium 

Species : Psidium guajava L. 

  

Family: Myrtaceae 

Parts used:
Fruit & leaf  

Plant description:  

Habit:
Evergreen shrub or small tree 

Commonly found in tropical
region of America and grown in tropical and subtropical areas of world. 

Leaves:
Simple, opposite and superposed, parallel venation. 

Inflorescence: Cyme/sometime solitary flowers that grow in axils of
leaf. 

Flower:
Pure white, five-petaled flowers with long, multiple central stamens. 

Calyx:
Sepals are five, fused with valvate aestivation 

Corolla:
Petals are five, fused with vexillary aestivation 

Androecium: Stamen many 

Gynoecium: Ovary inferior, pentacarpellary 

Fruit: Yellow or light green, oval in shape, fruits
are round, pulp contain many seeds. 

Special feature of the part used: Fruits are rich in
fibre, vitamin C, potassium & antioxidant. Leaves are used as an
herbal tea and the leaf extract as a supplement. 

Flowering season: February and June. 

Mode of propagation: Seed, grafting, cuttings root or shoot or tissue culture 

Harvesting of guava: Usually harvested throughout the year (except during May and June) 

Uses:   

• Guava fruits & leaves are edible 
• Traditionally, leaves were used to clean teeth 
• Consuming guava has many health benefits like
      improves eyesight, keeps skin healthy  
• Wood is used as fuel. 
• Fruit is used in preparation of ice creams. 
• Guava fruit juice is also prepared. 
• Detox of guava leaves is useful in curing common
      cold. 

  

Indian jujube 

  

   

    

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

    

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Class :
Magnoliopsida 

Order : Rosales 

Family : Rhamnaceae 

Genus : Ziziphus 

Species : Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.  

  

Common name: Indian jujube (English), Yelchi hannu
(kannada), Ber (Hindi) 

Botanical Name: Ziziphus
maurtiana Lam. 

Family: Rhamnaceae 

Parts used: fruit 

Plant description:
 

Habit: evergreen shrub or small tree. 

It is commonly
found in India, China, Afghanistan, Malaysia, Australia etc.. 

Leaves: simple, alternate,
pinnate, distichous, oval shaped, actinomorphic reticulate venation, stipulate 

Inflorescence: axillary cyme 

Flower: tiny, yellow coloured 

Calyx: sepals with 5 deltoid lobes 

Corolla: petals 5, concave 

Androecium: stamens usually 5 opposite to petals 

Gynoecium: superior ovary, 2-3 ovules 

Fruit:
drupe, oval, colour is yellow or orange when ripe, juicy. 

Special feature of the part used:  thorny and zigzag branches 

Flowering season: July to October 

Mode of propagation: through
seeds 

Harvesting of Indian jujube: south India (Oct-Nov), Gujrat (Dec-Mar),
Rajasthan (Jan-Mar), north India (Feb-Apr) 

Uses: 

· Fruit
is juicy and is edible 

· The
fruits are used in the preparation of jam. 

· The
fruits are also used to prepare pickles. 

· The
wood is hard and durable, thus used in construction purpose. 

· Wood
is also used in making boat ribs, tool handles, etc. 

· The
leaves are used to feed cattle and goats. 

  

  

Papaya 

  

  

  

  

  

Botanical Name: Carica papaya L. 

Common
name: Pappaayi hannu
(Kannada), Papaya (Hindi), Papow tree (English) 

Classification: 

Class :
Mangoliopsida 

Order : Brassicales 

Family : Caricaceae 

Genus : Carioca  

Species : Carisa papaya L 

  

Family: Caricaceae 

Parts used: Fruit, leaves as medicine. 

Plant description:
 

Habit: Short lived, woody herb 

 It is native to Central America & South
America. 

Leaves: Simple, alternate, palmately lobed, multicostate -divergent
reticulate venation, petiole is long, star shaped. 

Inflorescence: Raceme 

Flower: 

 Male flower- yellow, slender, petals fused at base, contains
anther, absence of ovary cannot develop into fruit. 

 Female flower- yellow to white, bulbous at base, conical,
free petals, large ovary with prominent stigma, absence of stamens, does not
produce fruits until pollinated. 

Hermaphrodite
flowers: the buds are
cylindrical, petals fused at base, contains both stigma and stamens, self
fertilization takes place.  

Calyx: Sepals
5, calyx is small, gamosepalous 

 Corolla:Petals 5, gamopetalous, valvate, adnate with pistil. 

Androecium: Stamens 5-10 

Gynoecium: Superior ovary, tricarpellary, syncarpous, presence of many ovules,
sessile stigma 

Fruit: pepo,
the mesocarp, endocarp and placenta form the pulp, color turns to yellow in ripe fruit,
parietal placentation. 

Special feature of the part used: Black seeds of the papaya are edible
& have a spicy taste. 

Flowering season: August – November 

Mode of propagation: Seed & tissue culture plants 

Harvesting of papaya: August to November 

Uses:  

· Papayas
are edible & it tastes extremely delicious 

· Decoction
of papaya leaves is used to treat dengue and malaria. 

· Papaya
fruit is used in preparation of juice. 

· Seeds
are edible and has spicy taste, thus used as substitute for pepper. 

· Seeds
are dried and used for seasoning in many dishes. 

  

Ram phal 

  

   

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Class :
Magnoliopsida 

Order : Magnoliales 

Family : Annonaceae 

Genus : Annona 

Species : Annona reticulata L. 

  

Common name: Raam phala (Kannada), Ram phal (Hindi),
Custard apple (English) 

Botanical Name: Annona
reticulata L. 

Family: Annonaceae 

Parts used: Fruit  

Plant description:
 

Habit: Small tree 

 Native of West Indies and tropical
regions of America. 

Leaves: Simple, alternate, exstipulate, petiolate (short) 

Inflorescence: Axillary, 2 or more flowers
arise in axil of leaf. 

Flower: Bracteate, complete, actinomorphic, trimerous,
hypogynous. 

Calyx: sepals 3, gamosepalous, valvate. 

Corolla: petals 2, 2cm long, oblong. 

Androecium: stamens are free & spirally arranged
and are closely packed at basal part of thalamus, filaments are short. 

Gynoecium: Ovary superior, multicarpellary,
apocarpous, spirally arranged above the  

 stamens. 

Fruit: sub globose, turns yellow or reddish, smooth, pulp is
yellowish in colour. 

Special feature of the part used: Fruit is edible 

Flowering season: June to August. 

Mode of propagation: Grafting & budding. 

Harvesting: March to May 

Uses: 

· Fruit
having sweet taste & is edible. 

· The
fruit is used in making ice creams and making milk shakes. 

· Traditional
the leaf extract was applied to the wound, as it fasten the healing process. 

· The
wood is used as fuel. 

  

  

  

Silk cotton tree 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Class  : Magnoliopsida 

Order  : Malvales 

Family : Malvaceae 

Genus : Bombax 

Species  : Bombax ceiba L. 

  

Common name: Silk cotton tree (English), Kempu buruga
(Kannada), Shalmali (Hindi) 

Botanical Name: Bombax
ceiba L. 

Family: Malvaceae 

Parts used: Flowers, fruit, leaves, roots & seeds 

Plant description:
 

Habit: deciduous tree 

It is found in
Indian subcontinent, southeastern Asia and northern Australia  

Leaves: Compound, Palmate,  

Inflorescence: solitary or clustered 

Flower: flowers are usually cup shaped & are red in color,
bisexual 

Calyx: campanulate, falling of with corolla 

Corolla: Petals-5, red in
colour, polypetalous, imbricate, fleshy 

Androecium: anthers filamentous, bilobed, it is
connate at the base  

Gynoecium: ovary is conical, many ovules, pentafid
stigma 

Fruit: Fruit is capsule,
oblong capsule  

Special feature of the part used: Flowers, leaves, roots etc. have
medicinal properties and are used in treatment of various diseases. 

Flowering season: February to march 

Mode of propagation: by sowing seeds  

Uses:  

• The cotton obtained is used in making fabrics. 
• The cotton is also used in making pillows, sofas,
      etc. 
• The wood is used in making match sticks. 
• Oil can be obtained from the seeds which is
      edible. 
• Oil obtained from bombax is sometimes used in
      making soap. 
• Ropes are made by making used of fibrous bark. 

  

Star gooseberry 

  

  

  

  

Class  : Magnoliopsida 

Order  : Malpighiales 

Family  : Phyllanthaceae 

Genus  : Phyllanthus 

Species  : Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels 

  

Common name: Star gooseberry (English), Budde hannu,
Rajavale (Kannada), Harfarauri (Hindi) 

Botanical Name: Phyllanthus
acidus (L.) Skeels 

Family: Phyllanthaceae 

Parts used: Fruit, leaves, root 

Plant description:
 

Habit: Small tree 

It is found in
all over Asia, Central and South America & certain Caribbean regions.  

Leaves: Simple, alternate,
lanceolate,  

Inflorescence: racemose 

Flower: Flowers are small, spike like clusters 

Calyx: Sepals 5, fused, male flowers with red calyx, female
flower with pink calyx. 

Corolla: Petals are absent. 

Androecium: Stamens 4, anthers are yellow in color. 

Gynoecium: Superior ovary with four locules, green in
color. 

Fruit: Drupe, 6-8 lobed. 

Special feature of the part used: Fruit is edible, leaves are used in
relieving inflammation, roots are used in treating asthma. 

Flowering season: March to June. 

Mode of propagation: By
seeds 

Harvesting of Star gooseberry:  January 

Uses:  

• Fruit is sweet and is edible. 
• It is used in the treatment of asthma. 
• It also has antibacterial properties &
      anti-inflammatory properties. 
• Leaves are used in relieving inflammation. 

  

  

  

Tamarind 

  

  

    

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

    

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

   

  

  

  

Classification: 

Class : Magnoliopsida 

Order : Fabales 

Family : Fabaceae 

Genus : Tamarindus 

Species :Tamarindus indica L. 

  

Common
name: Tamarind (English), Huṇasehaṇṇu
(Kannada). 

Botanical
Name: Tamarindus
indica L. 

Family:
Fabaceae 

Parts
used: Fruit & wood  

Plant
description:  

Habit:
It is a tropical tree, 

 It is native to Africa, including Sudan and
parts of the Madagascar dry deciduous forests. These are very common in South India. 

Leaves:
Pinnate leaves with opposite leaflets
giving a billowing effect in the wind, consist of 10–40 leaflets 

Inflorescence:
Receme 

Flower:
Yellow in colour, Complete, Sepal 4, aestivation imbricate, Petal 3 

Androecium:
Stamen 3 

Gynoecium:
Ovary superior 

Fruit: Brown pod-like
legume, which contains a soft acidic pulp and many hard-coated seeds 

Special feature of the part used: Pod-like
fruits that contain a sweet, tangy pulp, which is used in cuisines around the
world 

Flowering
season: January to March 

Mode
of propagation: Seeds or grafting 

Harvesting
of Tamarind: January-April months 

Uses:  

• Fruit
      is edible. 
• The
      fruit pulp is mainly used as souring agent in preparation of curry. 
• Its
      partially dried fruit is used to make medicine. 
• We
      can make the juice and drink it. 
• Trunk
      is used as timber for furniture. 
• They
      are used as ornamental trees. 
• They
      are planted on the roads and highways to provide shade. 

  

  

  

Water apple 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Class :
Magnoliopsida 

Order : Myrtales 

Family  : Myrtaceae 

Genus : Syzygium 

Species : Syzygium melaccense (L.)
Merr.& L.M. Perry 

  

Common name: Water apple, rose apple (English),
(Kannada), (Hindi) 

Botanical Name: Syzygium
melaccense (L.) Merr.&
L.M. Perry 

Family: Myrtaceae 

Parts used: fruit, leaves and seeds 

Plant description:
 

Habit: it is perennial tree 

It is native to
East Indies and Malaya. It is also grown in India. 

Leaves: opposite, lanceolate 

Inflorescence: solitary, Terminal cyme 

Flower: complete, sessile, Calyx is tubular, petals usually 4 and are free 

Androecium: stamens are numerous 

Gynoecium: superior ovary, single stigma, capitate 

Fruit: berry, bell shaped 

Special feature of the part used: Fruit is edible whereas leaves and seeds
are used in treating fever and asthma 

Flowering season: February to April 

Mode of propagation: stem
cutting or by sowing seeds 

Harvesting of Rose apple:  June & july 

Uses:  

• Fruit is delicious it is edible. 
• The fruit has medicinal property, hence often
      used in ayurvedic medicines. 
• The wood is used for contructiion purpose. 
• The decoction of leaves is used to wash skin
      infection. 
• The wood is used as fire wood. 

  

  

  

White frangipani 

  

  

  

  

  

Class : Magnoliopsida 

Order : Gentianales 

Family : Apocynaceae 

Genus : Plumeria 

Species : Plumeria obtuse L.  

  

Common name: White frangipani (English), kaadu sampige
(Kannada), champa (Hindi) 

Botanical Name: Plumeria
obtuse L. 

Family: Apocynaceae 

Parts used: leaves & flower 

Plant description:
 

Habit: Small shrub or tree 

It is native to
West Indies, Florida, Mexico etc. 

Leaves: arranged spirally,  

Inflorescence: panicle 

Flower: flowers are small with small yellow center, sepals 5, polysepalous, petals
5, gamopetalous, twisted 

Androecium: stamens 5 

Gynoecium: many ovules, superior ovary 

Fruit:
slender  

Flowering season: throughout the year 

Mode of propagation: root
cutting or by sowing seeds 

Uses:  

• It is used in making soaps as it provides
      fragrance. 
• It is an ornamental tree. 
• Flowers are also used for religious purpose. 
• Oil produced from frangipani is applied to hairs
      as it softens the hair. 
• Flowers are also used to make garlands. 
• Oil also protects your hairs from harmful UV
      radiation. 

  

White powder puff: 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Common
name: White powder puff (English) 

Botanical
name: Caliandra hematocephala ‘Alba’ 

  

Classification
 

Sub-division:
Angiospermae 

Class:
Dicotyledonae 

Order:
Fabales 

Family:
Fabaceae 

Genus:
Calliandra 

Species: Calliandra hematocephala
‘Alba’ 

  

Part
used: Stem 

  

Plant
description:- 

Habit:
it is an evergreen tree. 

Leaves:
Pinnately compound, reticulate venation,
petiolate, alternate, exstipulate, entire margin. 

Inflorescence: Globose head 

Flowers:
White, actinomorphic, pedicilate,
hypogynous flower, bloomoing in puffs  

Androecium:
Numerous white stamens, basifixed, free.  

Gynoecium:
Monocarpellary, unilocular, marginal
placentation, superior ovary 

Fruit:
Pod, green which gets converted to brown
colour when it matures. 

Flowering
seasons: December to May 

Mode
of propagation: Through seeds
and stem cuttings  

Uses: 

· It
is an ornamental tree, thus commonly grown in gardens. 

· It
is an avenue tree. 

· The
wood is as firewood. 

  

Sugar palm 

  

  

  

  

  

Class : Magnoiopsida  

Order : Arecales 

Family : Arecaceae 

Genus : Arenga  

Species : Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. 

  

Common
name: Sugar palm (English),
(Kannada), (Hindi) 

Botanical
Name: Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. 

Family:
Arecaceae 

Parts
used: seeds, roots, leaves. 

Plant
description:
 

Habit:
evergreen tree, unbranched, woody and cylindrical stem.   

It is Native to Myanmar, Malaysia & Indonesia 

Leaves:
compound, pinnate, opposite, parallel venation 

Inflorescence: Compound spadix 

Flower:
Bisexual,
yellow in color, actinomorphic, trimerous, Sepals-3, Petals -3 

Androecium: stamens- 6, arranged in two whorls of three each. 

Gynoecium:
Tricarpellary, trilocular, syncarpous ovary,
superior ovary, small three lobed stigma. 

Fruit: Berry, Purple in colour. 

Special
feature of the part used: Seeds are edible. Roots are medicinally
important. 

Mode
of propagation:Seeds 

Uses:  

• Fruit
      is edible. 
• Ropes
      are made from leaf sheaths. 
• Leaves
      are also used to make brooms. 
• Seeds
      are edible. 
• Sugar
      is derived from the sap. 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

 Intsia bijuga 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Classification  

Sub-division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order: Fabales 

Family: Fabaceae 

Genus: Intsia  

Species: Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze 

  

Common name: Scrub mahagony (English),  

Botanical name: Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze  

Part used: Seeds, stem 

  

Plant description:- 

Habit: It is an evergreen tree. 

Leaves: Pinnately compound, entire margin, reticulate venation, stipulate,
petiolate.  

Flowers: Bisexual, actinomorphic, hypogynous 

Perianth: white or pink in colour 

Androecium: Stamens- 3  

Gynoecium: superior ovary, unilocular ovary, syncarpous   

Fruit: Woody legumes, dehiscent, flat, brown in colour 

Mode of propagation: through seeds  

Uses: 

· it is an ornamental tree. 

· The leaves as well as bark has medicinal properties, hence used in
traditional medicines.  

· The seeds are edible. 

· The wood is used for flooring. 

  

  

Syzygium samarangense 

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

Classification  

Sub-division: Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order: Myrtales  

Family: Myrtaceae 

Genus: Syzygium 

Species: Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr.& L.M.Perry 

  

Common name: Java apple (English), Jhamba (Konkani) 

Botanical name: Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr.& L.M.Perry 

  

Part used: Fruits, Stem 

  

Plant description: 

  

Habit: It is an evergreen tree. 

Leaves: Dark green, unicostate, reticulate venation, entire margin, elliptic. 

Inflorescence: Panicle  

Flowers: White or yellowish white in colour, actinomorphic , 4 petals 

Androecium: numerous stamens, 

Gynoecium: Epigynous ovary, ovary contains many ovules 

Fruit: Berry, bell shaped, red in colour  

Flowering seasons: flowers two to three times in a year. 

Mode of propagation: Stem cutting 

Uses: 

· The fruits are edible. 

· The fruits are used in salads. 

· They are used in making pickles. 

  

  

Butea monosperma 

  

  

  

Classification  

Sub-division:
Angiospermae 

Class: Dicotyledonae 

Order: Fabales  

Family: Fabaceae 

Genus: Butea 

Species:- Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. 

  

Common
name: Flame of the forest (English), Muttuga
(Kannada), Chamata (Malayalam), Palash (Hindi)   

Botanical
name: Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. 

Part used: Flowers, stem 

  

Plant
description:- 

Habit: It is a deciduous tree. 

Leaves: Pinnately compound, reticulate venation, petiolate, entire margin. 

Inflorescence:
Racemose 

Flowers: Bright orange in colour, zygomorphic, vexillary aestivation 

Calyx: gamosepalous, cup shaped, green colour 

Corolla: Papilionaceous corolla 

Androecium: Stamens-
10 of which 9 are fused, dialdelphous, basifixed 

Gynoecium: Papillate stigma, hollow style, superior
ovary, monocarpellary, unilocular, mar 

Fruit: Samara, only one seed is present 

Flowering
seasons: February to April 

Mode of
propagation: Through seeds and stem cutting.  

Uses: 

· The flowers are used to prepare Holi colour and dye for fabrics. 

· The flowers are also used in making beverage. 

· In olden days leaves were used as leaf plates. 

· The wood provides timber, medicines, good charcoal, etc.